{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T03:33:20Z","timestamp":1792812800781,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,23]],"date-time":"2023-03-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1679529600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Neurol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background and objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>Atrial fibrillation (AF) has been linked to dementia risk, partly explained by cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD). Since AF and cardiovascular comorbidities were associated with cardiac dysfunction, we aimed to determine the association between echocardiographic parameters and neuroimaging markers of CSVD in patients with AF-related ischemic stroke.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This cross-sectional study enrolled patients with AF-related ischemic stroke from March 2013 to December 2019 who underwent transthoracic echocardiography and brain 3T MRI, including T1, T2, Flair, and SWI imaging sequences. We assessed the presence of lacunes and cerebellar microbleeds (CMBs), the severity of white matter hyperintensity (WMH) scored by the Fazekas scale (0-6), and the severity of enlarged perivascular spaces (EPVS) in basal ganglia (BG) and centrum semiovale (CSO) classified into three categories (0\u201310, 10\u201325, and &amp;gt;25). CSVD burden was rated on a 0-to-4 ordinal scale. Generalized linear regression analysis and post hoc comparisons with Bonferroni correction were performed to assess the association between various echocardiographic parameters and these lesions, adjusted for demographics and potential confounders.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>119 patients (68.38 \u00b1 12.692 years; male 45.4 %) were included for analysis, of whom 55 (46.2%) had lacunes, 40 (33.6%) had CMBs, and median severity for WMH, BG-EPVS, CSO-EPVS, and CSVD burden were 2 (IQR: 1\u20133), 1 (IQR: 1\u20132), 1 (IQR: 0\u20131), and 1 (IQR: 1\u20132) respectively. In multivariable, fully adjusted models, left ventricular posterior wall thickness (LVPW) was associated with a higher risk of lacunes (RR 1.899, 95% CI: 1.342\u20132.686) and CSVD burden (RR = 2.081, 95%CI: 1.562\u20132.070). Right atrial diameter (RAD) was associated with greater CSO-EPVS (RR = 2.243, 95%CI: 1.234\u20134.075). No echocardiographic parameters were revealed to be associated with CMBs and WMH.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>In patients with AF-related ischemic stroke, LVPW is associated with a higher risk of lacunes and CSVD burden, while RAD was associated with greater CSO-EPVS. Larger studies are required to determine these associations and to elucidate if these associations can help facilitate cognitive evaluation and brain MRI screening.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2023.1137488","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,23]],"date-time":"2023-03-23T06:00:43Z","timestamp":1679551243000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Echocardiographic correlates of MRI imaging markers of cerebral small-vessel disease in patients with atrial-fibrillation-related ischemic stroke"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Kaili","family":"Ye","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wendan","family":"Tao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhetao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dayan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mangmang","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junfeng","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ming","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000001067","article-title":"Atrial fibrillation and dementia: a report from the AF-SCREEN international collaboration","volume":"145","author":"Rivard","year":"2022","journal-title":"Circulation."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2018.10.077","article-title":"Atrial fibrillation and cognitive function: JACC review topic of the week","volume":"73","author":"Diener","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e014537","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.119.014537","article-title":"Cognitive impairment before atrial fibrillation\u2013related ischemic events: neuroimaging and prognostic associations","volume":"9","author":"Banerjee","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchf.2019.03.005","article-title":"Heart failure and atrial fibrillation, like fire and fury","volume":"7","author":"Carlisle","year":"2019","journal-title":"JACC: Heart Failure."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"587361","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/587361","article-title":"Cardiomyocyte remodeling in atrial fibrillation and hibernating myocardium: shared pathophysiologic traits identify novel treatment strategies?","volume":"2015","author":"Weil","year":"2015","journal-title":"BioMed Res Int."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1453","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.114.303211","article-title":"The clinical profile and pathophysiology of atrial fibrillation: relationships among clinical features, epidemiology, and mechanisms","volume":"114","author":"Andrade","year":"2014","journal-title":"Circ Res."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2012.10.019","article-title":"LA volumes and reservoir function are associated with subclinical cerebrovascular disease: the CABL (Cardiovascular Abnormalities and Brain Lesions) study","volume":"6","author":"Russo","year":"2013","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovas Imag."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1159\/000524021","article-title":"Acute cerebral microinfarcts in acute ischemic stroke: imaging and clinical significance","volume":"51","author":"Tao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cerebrovasc Dis."},{"key":"B9","first-page":"541","article-title":"Experience from a multicentre stroke register: a preliminary report","volume":"54","author":"Hatano","year":"1976","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.24.1.35","article-title":"Classification of subtype of acute ischemic stroke. 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