{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T20:33:37Z","timestamp":1793306017627,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,3]],"date-time":"2023-07-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1688342400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004484","name":"Tehran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["99-3-233-51038"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["99-3-233-51038"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004484","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Neurol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Treatment-resistant epileptic seizures are associated with reduced quality of life (QoL). As polypharmacy with routine antiseizure medications has many side effects, novel add-on treatments are necessary. Recent research showed the efficacy of add-on therapy by cannabidiol (CBD) on refractory epilepsy. We attempted to extend data on the efficacy and safety profile of CBD in patients with frontal lobe treatment-resistant epilepsy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 27 patients were recruited into two CBD (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 12) and placebo (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 15) groups. The CBD group received a highly purified liposomal preparation of the drug in addition to routine antiseizure medications. The placebo group only received antiseizure medications. This experiment followed a triple-blinding protocol. Outcome measures were seizure frequency, the Chalfont seizure severity scale (CSSS), and the quality of life questionnaire score (QOLIE-31) assessed at baseline, 4 weeks, and 8 weeks.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>At 4 weeks, results indicated that a higher fraction of patients in the CBD group (66.67%) showed improvement in seizure, compared to the placebo group (20.00%). Before\u2013after comparison revealed that CBD, unlike routine ADEs, was effective in reducing the occurrence of seizures at the study's final timepoint [mean difference 45.58, 95% CI (8.987 to 82.18), <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.009]. Seizure severity was not affected by study groups or time intervals (repeated-measures ANOVA <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;gt; 0.05). <jats:italic>Post-hoc<\/jats:italic> tests found that the QoLI-31 score was improved at 8 weeks compared to baseline [mean diff. \u22125.031, 95% CI (\u22129.729 to \u22120.3328), <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.032]. The difference in cases who experienced enhanced QoL was meaningful between the CBD and placebo groups at 8 weeks [RR: 2.160, 95% CI (1.148 to 4.741), <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.018] but not at 4 weeks (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.653). A positive finding for QoL improvement was associated with a positive finding for seizure frequency reduction [<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic> = 0.638, 95% CI (0.296 to 0.835), <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.001]. Interestingly, limiting the correlation analysis to cases receiving CBD indicated that QoL improvement was not linked with seizure parameters such as severity and frequency (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;gt; 0.05).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The present study suggests the benefit of a purified and highly efficient preparation of CBD for seizure frequency reduction and improvement of QoL in refractory frontal lobe epilepsy. Further study with longer follow-ups and larger sample size is advised.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Clinical trial registration<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:ext-link>https:\/\/www.irct.ir\/trial\/56790<\/jats:ext-link>, identifier: IRCT20210608051515N1.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2023.1143783","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,3]],"date-time":"2023-07-03T09:23:59Z","timestamp":1688376239000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["The effect of cannabidiol on seizure features and quality of life in drug-resistant frontal lobe epilepsy patients: a triple-blind controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Seyyed Reza","family":"Ebadi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kiarash","family":"Saleki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tanin","family":"Adl Parvar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Negin","family":"Rahimi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vajiheh","family":"Aghamollaii","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Ranji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abbas","family":"Tafakhori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1097\/YCT.0b013e318276591f","article-title":"Continuation electroconvulsive therapy with pharmacotherapy versus pharmacotherapy alone for prevention of relapse of depression: A randomized controlled trial","volume":"29","author":"Nordenskj\u00f6ld","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Ect."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1212\/CON.0000000000000290","article-title":"Adult focal epilepsies","volume":"22","author":"Skidmore","year":"2016","journal-title":"Continuum."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"CD005612","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005612.pub5","article-title":"Pregabalin add-on for drug-resistant focal epilepsy","volume":"2022","author":"Panebianco","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cochr Database Systemat Rev"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(16)30292-7","article-title":"Efficacy, safety, and tolerability of lacosamide monotherapy versus controlled-release carbamazepine in patients with newly diagnosed epilepsy: A phase 3, randomised, double-blind, non-inferiority trial","volume":"16","author":"Baulac","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.13993","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of eslicarbazepine acetate versus controlled-release carbamazepine monotherapy in newly diagnosed epilepsy: A phase III double-blind, randomized, parallel-group, multicenter study","volume":"59","author":"Trinka","year":"2018","journal-title":"Epilepsia."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1111\/ane.13025","article-title":"Antiepileptic monotherapy in newly diagnosed focal epilepsy. A network meta-analysis","volume":"139","author":"Lattanzi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Neurolog Scand."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12883-015-0494-y","article-title":"The economic impact of epilepsy: A systematic review","volume":"15","author":"Allers","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Neurol."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1080\/14656566.2020.1829594","article-title":"Pharmacological treatment of focal epilepsy in adults: An evidence based approach","volume":"22","author":"Mula","year":"2021","journal-title":"Expert Opin Pharmacother."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1004","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.131.9.1004","article-title":"Cannabis indica in 19th-century psychiatry","volume":"131","author":"Carlson","year":"1974","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry."},{"key":"B10","author":"Chand","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cannabidiol (CBD) in Children With Drug-Resistant Epilepsy: An Initial Experience From a Developing Country"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.14629","article-title":"Cannabidiol reduces seizures and associated behavioral comorbidities in a range of animal seizure and epilepsy models","volume":"60","author":"Patra","year":"2019","journal-title":"Epilepsia."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.16515.1","article-title":"Epidiolex as adjunct therapy for treatment of refractory epilepsy: A comprehensive review with a focus on adverse effects","volume":"8","author":"Sekar","year":"2019","journal-title":"F1000Research."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e96","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.13815","article-title":"Quality of life in childhood epilepsy in pediatric patients enrolled in a prospective, open-label clinical study with cannabidiol","volume":"58","author":"Rosenberg","year":"2017","journal-title":"Epilepsia."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2019.03.035","article-title":"Quality of life in adults enrolled in an open-label study of cannabidiol (CBD) for treatment-resistant epilepsy","volume":"95","author":"Gaston","year":"2019","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-444-52898-8.00036-7","article-title":"Clinical neuropsychology in epilepsy: Theoretical and practical issues","volume":"107","author":"Helmstaedter","year":"2012","journal-title":"Handb Clin Neurol."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2011","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1611618","article-title":"Trial of cannabidiol for drug-resistant seizures in the Dravet syndrome","volume":"376","author":"Devinsky","year":"2017","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2019.03.015","article-title":"Long-term safety and efficacy of cannabidiol in children and adults with treatment resistant Lennox-Gastaut syndrome or Dravet syndrome: Expanded access program results","volume":"154","author":"Laux","year":"2019","journal-title":"Epilepsy Res."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1897","DOI":"10.2147\/NDT.S177803","article-title":"Febrile infection-related epilepsy syndrome (FIRES): Prevalence, impact and management strategies","volume":"15","author":"Serino","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1684\/epd.2021.1253","article-title":"Surgery for drug-resistant tuberous sclerosis complex-associated epilepsy: Who, when, and what","volume":"23","author":"Specchio","year":"2021","journal-title":"Epilept Disord."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.1007\/s40263-020-00755-z","article-title":"Fenfluramine for the treatment of Dravet Syndrome and Lennox\u2013Gastaut syndrome","volume":"34","author":"Balagura","year":"2020","journal-title":"CNS Drugs."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1007\/s40263-021-00807-y","article-title":"Highly purified cannabidiol for epilepsy treatment: A systematic review of epileptic conditions beyond Dravet syndrome and Lennox\u2013Gastaut syndrome","volume":"35","author":"Lattanzi","year":"2021","journal-title":"CNS Drugs."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1586","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.13852","article-title":"Interactions between cannabidiol and commonly used antiepileptic drugs","volume":"58","author":"Gaston","year":"2017","journal-title":"Epilepsia."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebcr.2017.10.001","article-title":"An interaction between warfarin and cannabidiol, a case report","volume":"9","author":"Grayson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav Case Rep."},{"key":"B24","first-page":"144","article-title":"Psychometric evaluation of the Persian version of the quality of life in epilepsy inventory-31","volume":"12","author":"Mohammadi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Iran J Neurol."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.54.10.873","article-title":"The chalfont seizure severity scale","volume":"54","author":"Duncan","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1528-1157.2001.19400.x","article-title":"Quantitative assessment of seizure severity for clinical trials: A review of approaches to seizure components","volume":"42","author":"Cramer","year":"2001","journal-title":"Epilepsia."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1080\/07357900701518487","article-title":"Antitumor activity and apoptosis induction in human cancer cell lines by Dionysia termeana","volume":"25","author":"Amirghofran","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cancer Invest."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48385","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.16801","article-title":"The effects of herbal medicine on epilepsy","volume":"8","author":"Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oncotarget."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"682821","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2021.682821","article-title":"Chinese herbal medicine for treating epilepsy","volume":"15","author":"Lin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Neurosci."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.52547\/jmp.21.82.111","article-title":"Scolicidal effects of the Nicotiana tabacum L. extract at various concentrations and exposure times","volume":"21","author":"Latifi","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Medicinal Plants."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-57369-0_7","article-title":"Cannabidiol therapy for refractory epilepsy and seizure disorders","volume":"7","author":"Golub","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cannabinoids Neuropsychiatric Disord."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1088","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881114550355","article-title":"Effects of cannabidiol in the treatment of patients with Parkinson's disease: An exploratory double-blind trial","volume":"28","author":"Chagas","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2015.09.014","article-title":"Cannabis use and mental health-related quality of life among individuals with depressive disorders","volume":"230","author":"Aspis","year":"2015","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2007.05.002","article-title":"The effect of seizure severity on quality of life in epilepsy","volume":"11","author":"Harden","year":"2007","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav."},{"key":"B35","volume-title":"Cannabidiol (CBD) Significantly Reduces Drop Seizure Frequency in Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome (LGS): Results of a Multi-center, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo Controlled Trial (GWPCARE4)(S21. 001)","author":"French","year":"2017"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2016.00359","article-title":"\u03949-THC intoxication by cannabidiol-enriched cannabis extract in two children with refractory epilepsy: Full remission after switching to purified cannabidiol","volume":"7","author":"Crippa","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1177\/0883073809348355","article-title":"Increased risk of death among children with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome and infantile spasms","volume":"25","author":"Autry","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Child Neurol."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2022.06.010","article-title":"Prophylactic administration of cannabidiol reduces microglial inflammatory response to kainate-induced seizures and neurogenesis","volume":"500","author":"Victor","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neuroscience."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2006.11.063","article-title":"Evaluation of the neuroprotective effect of cannabinoids in a rat model of Parkinson's disease: Importance of antioxidant and cannabinoid receptor-independent properties","volume":"1134","author":"Garc\u00eda-Arencibia","year":"2007","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1096\/fasebj.2020.34.s1.02696","article-title":"Cannabidiol effects on post-seizure neurogenesis","volume":"34","author":"Victor","year":"2020","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1007\/s12031-015-0703-6","article-title":"Cannabidiol post-treatment alleviates rat epileptic-related behaviors and activates hippocampal cell autophagy pathway along with antioxidant defense in chronic phase of pilocarpine-induced seizure","volume":"58","author":"Hosseinzadeh","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Mol Neurosci."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2020.09.010","article-title":"Interaction of cannabidiol with other antiseizure medications: A narrative review","volume":"86","author":"Gilmartin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Seizure."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.22088\/cjim.14.2.199","article-title":"Determination of plasma transcobalamin-II and zinc levels in newly\u2013diagnosed and long\u2013standing grand mal epileptic patients","volume":"14","author":"Aman-Mohammady","year":"2023","journal-title":"Caspian J Internal Med."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm8070989","article-title":"Potential adverse drug events and drug\u2013drug interactions with medical and consumer cannabidiol (CBD) use","volume":"8","author":"Brown","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Clin Med."},{"key":"B45","first-page":"121","article-title":"Assessment of the anti-convulsant effects of cannabidiol when co-administered with anti-epileptic drugs in acute models of seizure and their individual tolerability profiles","volume-title":"Epilepsia","author":"Jones","year":"2015"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2074","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-020-06504-8","article-title":"Cannabidiol interactions with medications, illicit substances, and alcohol: A comprehensive review","volume":"36","author":"Balachandran","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Gen Intern Med."},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1186\/s13041-018-0395-2","article-title":"Cannabidiol enhances morphine antinociception, diminishes NMDA-mediated seizures and reduces stroke damage via the sigma 1 receptor","volume":"11","author":"Rodr\u00edguez-Mu\u00f1oz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol Brain."},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2021.09.021","article-title":"Addiction and the cerebellum with a focus on actions of opioid receptors","volume":"131","author":"Ranjbar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev."},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2025","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jnatprod.0c00138","article-title":"Inhibitory effect of cannabidiol on the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome is associated with its modulation of the P2X7 receptor in human monocytes","volume":"83","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Nat Prod."},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"770","DOI":"10.1111\/jre.12161","article-title":"Effect of the menstrual cycle on inflammatory cytokines in the periodontium","volume":"49","author":"Khosravisamani","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Periodontal Res."},{"key":"B51","article-title":"Inflammasome elements in epilepsy and seizures","author":"Saleki","year":"2022","journal-title":"Translational Neuroloimmunology. Elsevier"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1038\/s41401-018-0071-1","article-title":"Computational systems pharmacology analysis of cannabidiol: A combination of chemogenomics-knowledgebase network analysis and integrated in silico modeling and simulation","volume":"40","author":"Bian","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Pharmacol Sin."},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4294","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22094294","article-title":"Cannabidiol in neurological and neoplastic diseases: Latest developments on the molecular mechanism of action","volume":"22","author":"Ozarowski","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci."},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/07391102.2022.2124454","article-title":"Investigation of cannabidiol's potential targets in limbic seizures","volume":"2022","author":"Olafuyi","year":"2022","journal-title":"In-silico approach. J Biomol Struct Dyn."},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105290","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2022.105290","article-title":"Engineering a novel immunogenic chimera protein utilizing bacterial infections associated with atherosclerosis to induce a deviation in adaptive immune responses via Immunoinformatics approaches","volume":"102","author":"Saleki","year":"2022","journal-title":"Infect Genet Evol."},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1191","DOI":"10.1002\/JLB.6MA0721-376RR","article-title":"In silico design of a TLR4-mediating multiepitope chimeric vaccine against amyotrophic lateral sclerosis via advanced immunoinformatics","volume":"112","author":"Saleki","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Leukoc Biol."},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"940","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2019.00940","article-title":"Impaired social cognition in epilepsy: A review of what we have learnt from neuroimaging studies","volume":"10","author":"Ives-Deliperi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Neurol."},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2018.01.002","article-title":"Association between SCN1A gene polymorphisms and drug resistant epilepsy in pediatric patients","volume":"55","author":"Margari","year":"2018","journal-title":"Seizure."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Neurology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fneur.2023.1143783\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,3]],"date-time":"2023-07-03T09:24:05Z","timestamp":1688376245000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fneur.2023.1143783\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,3]]},"references-count":58,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fneur.2023.1143783"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fneur.2023.1143783","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-2295"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-2295","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,3]]},"article-number":"1143783"}}