{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T22:42:27Z","timestamp":1789512147927,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,23]],"date-time":"2023-03-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1679529600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005288","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Amaz\u00f4nia Paraense de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005288","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Neurol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection can exacerbate previous headache disorders or change the type of pain experienced from headaches. This study aimed to investigate the clinical features of Long COVID headaches.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This was a cross-sectional, descriptive, and analytical observational study that included 102 patients (with previous headache,\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 50; without previous headache,\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 52) with long COVID and headache complaints. The Migraine Disability Assessment Test and Visual Analog Pain Scale were used to collect participants' headache data according to a standardized protocol.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The patients in this study who reported experiencing headaches before COVID-19 had longer headache duration in the long COVID phase than that in the pre-long COVID phase (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.031), exhibited partial improvement in headache symptoms with analgesics (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.045), and had a duration of long COVID of &amp;lt;1 year (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.030). Patients with moderate or severe disability and those classified as having severe headaches in the long COVID phase were highly likely to develop chronic headaches. Hospital admission [odds ratio (OR) = 3.0082; 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 1.10\u20138.26], back pain (OR = 4.0017; 95% CI: 1.13\u201314.17), insomnia (OR = 3.1339; 95% CI: 1.39\u20137.06), and paraesthesia (OR = 2.7600; 95% CI: 1.20\u20136.33) were associated with headache in these patients.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Headache is a disabling condition in patients with long COVID-19, exacerbating the conditions of those with headaches prior to contracting COVID-19.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2023.1149294","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,23]],"date-time":"2023-03-23T03:23:20Z","timestamp":1679541800000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Headache in long COVID as disabling condition: 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