{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T14:16:42Z","timestamp":1785161802512,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,24]],"date-time":"2023-08-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1692835200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Neurol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>The differentiation between essential tremor (ET) and Parkinson\u2019s disease (PD) can be difficult because of the symptom overlaps. Erythrocytes are the major source of peripheral \u03b1-synuclein (\u03b1-syn), which is the most studied pathological molecular of PD. We have reported that erythrocytic \u03b1-syn levels in PD patients are significantly increased compared to those in healthy controls (HCs). However, little is known about the levels of erythrocytic \u03b1-syn species in ET patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study includes 15 patients with ET, 64 patients with PD, and 49 age and sex matched HCs. A well-established electrochemiluminescence assay was used to measure the erythrocytic total and aggregated \u03b1-syn levels. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was applied to evaluate the diagnostic values of erythrocytic \u03b1-syn for ET diagnosis and differentiation. The correlations of erythrocytic \u03b1-syn levels with disease durations were tested using Spearman\u2019s Rank Correlation analysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We found that both erythrocytic total and aggregated \u03b1-syn concentrations are significantly increased in PD and ET patients compared to those in HCs. Erythrocytic total \u03b1-syn levels are significantly higher in ET patients than those in PD group. Furthermore, the ratios of erythrocytic aggregated to total \u03b1-syn levels in ET patients are significantly decreased than those in PD and HC subjects. We also found a significant association of erythrocytic aggregated \u03b1-syn levels with the disease duration of ET patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our findings suggest new insight into the changes of erythrocytic total and aggregated \u03b1-syn levels as potential biomarkers for ET patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2023.1173074","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,24]],"date-time":"2023-08-24T14:01:37Z","timestamp":1692885697000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Erythrocytic alpha-synuclein as potential biomarker for the differentiation between essential tremor and Parkinson\u2019s disease"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Zhenwei","family":"Yu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Genliang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuanchu","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guoshi","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tao","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cger.2019.09.015","article-title":"Does this patient have Parkinson disease or essential tremor?","volume":"36","author":"Reich","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Geriatr Med"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.60.3.405","article-title":"Rest tremor in patients with essential tremor: prevalence, clinical correlates, and electrophysiologic characteristics","volume":"60","author":"Cohen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1554","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.42.8.1554","article-title":"Isolated tremor and disruption of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system: an 18F-dopa PET study","volume":"42","author":"Brooks","year":"1992","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"782","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.10125","article-title":"Monosymptomatic resting tremor and Parkinson's disease: a multitracer positron emission tomographic study","volume":"17","author":"Ghaemi","year":"2002","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1100","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.63.8.1100","article-title":"Common misdiagnosis of a common neurological disorder: how are we misdiagnosing essential tremor?","volume":"63","author":"Jain","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1111\/bpa.12370","article-title":"Alpha-Synuclein as a biomarker for Parkinson's disease","volume":"26","author":"Atik","year":"2016","journal-title":"Brain Pathol"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.5334\/tohm.600","article-title":"Can plasma alpha-Synuclein help us to differentiate Parkinson's disease from essential tremor?","volume":"11","author":"Albillos","year":"2021","journal-title":"Tremor Other Hyperkinet Mov"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(10)70090-9","article-title":"Essential tremor: evolving clinicopathological concepts in an era of intensive post-mortem enquiry","volume":"9","author":"Louis","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2552","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.23909","article-title":"Genetic variants of alpha-synuclein are not associated with essential tremor","volume":"26","author":"Ross","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"827493","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2022.827493","article-title":"Erythrocytic alpha-Synuclein species for Parkinson's disease diagnosis and the correlations with clinical characteristics","volume":"14","author":"Yu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Aging Neurosci"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.27121","article-title":"Consensus statement on the classification of tremors. 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