{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,9]],"date-time":"2026-11-09T07:29:08Z","timestamp":1794209348747,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,29]],"date-time":"2023-08-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1693267200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82001232"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82001232"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Neurol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To analyze the clinical characteristics and follow-up data of children with different clinical phenotypes of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The basic demographic and clinical features, laboratory and imaging examination results, and follow-up data of 74 Chinese children with different phenotypes of MOGAD were retrospectively reviewed and analyzed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The male-to-female ratio in this cohort was 1:1.39. The clinical phenotypes of MOGAD included acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM; <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200937), encephalitis (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200911), optic neuritis (ON, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20099), neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD; <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20099), transverse myelitis (TM; <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20096), leukodystrophy-like manifestations (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20091), and meningitis (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20091). The mean age of disease onset was 86 months. The number of leukocytes in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with ADEM was significantly higher than that in patients with ON but lower than that in patients with TM (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.05). The pathogen detection rate among all patients was 36.5%. Recurrence occurred in 17 patients (23%), with the highest recurrence rate in patients with NMOSD and TM. Patients with recurrence had a significantly higher median age than those without any recurrence (109.00 vs. 82.44 months, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.05). The male-to-female ratio in patients with recurrence was 1:4.67, which differed significantly from that at first onset (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.05).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The most common clinical phenotypes of MOGAD in this cohort were ADEM and encephalitis. Recurrence of MOGAD may be related to age and sex, with a higher recurrence rate observed in females. These findings provide a basis for further exploration of the characteristics of different MOGAD phenotypes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2023.1188323","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,30]],"date-time":"2023-08-30T00:05:16Z","timestamp":1693353916000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Phenotypic characteristics of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease in children: a single-center, retrospective study"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Yi","family":"Hua","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuke","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liu","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yilong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lu","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peifang","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhefeng","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Feng","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1707","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2006.04053.x","article-title":"Complex alternative splicing of the myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein gene is unique to human and non-human Primates","volume":"98","author":"Delarasse","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2017.00529","article-title":"Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein: deciphering a target in inflammatory demyelinating diseases","volume":"8","author":"Peschl","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1038\/s41582-018-0112-x","article-title":"Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibodies in neurological disease","volume":"15","author":"Reindl","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurol"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-020-02132-y","article-title":"The pathology of central nervous system inflammatory demyelinating disease accompanying myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein autoantibody","volume":"139","author":"H\u00f6ftberger","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"885218","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2022.885218","article-title":"Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (Mogad): a review of clinical and Mri features, diagnosis, and management","volume":"13","author":"Sechi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3128","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awx276","article-title":"Clinical presentation and prognosis in Mog-antibody disease: a UK study","volume":"140","author":"Jurynczyk","year":"2017","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-018-1144-2","article-title":"Mog encephalomyelitis: international recommendations on diagnosis and antibody testing","volume":"15","author":"Jarius","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1261","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458513484547","article-title":"International pediatric multiple sclerosis study group criteria for pediatric multiple sclerosis and immune-mediated central nervous system demyelinating disorders: revisions to the 2007 definitions","volume":"19","author":"Krupp","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mult Scler"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1016\/s1474-4422(22)00431-8","article-title":"Diagnosis of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease: international Mogad panel proposed criteria","volume":"22","author":"Banwell","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"003","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0037-1604404","article-title":"Mog Spectrum disorders and role of Mog-antibodies in clinical practice","volume":"49","author":"Hennes","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuropediatrics"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpn.2020.10.006","article-title":"Paediatric Mog consortium consensus: part 1 - 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