{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,10]],"date-time":"2026-01-10T22:45:13Z","timestamp":1768085113340,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,9]],"date-time":"2023-06-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1686268800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Neurol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>The association of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibody associated disease (MOGAD) and tumors has seldom been reported. We aim to investigate the occurrence of tumors in a cohort of patients with MOGAD and to describe their clinical features, in addition to previously reported cases.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We retrospectively identified patients with MOGAD (i.e., compatible clinical phenotype and positive MOG antibodies analysed with a live cell-based assay) from 1\/1\/2015 to 1\/1\/2023 who had a neoplasm diagnosed within 2 \u2009years from MOGAD onset. Furthermore, we performed systematic review of literature to identify previously reported cases. Clinical, paraclinical and oncological findings were collected and reported as median (range) or number (percentage).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Two of 150 MOGAD patients (1%) had a concomitant neoplasm in our cohort. Fifteen additional cases were retrieved from literature. Median age was 39 (16\u201373) years-old, 12 patients were female. ADEM (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>=\u20094;23.5%), encephalomyelitis (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>=\u20093;17.6%), and monolateral optic neuritis (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>=\u20092;11.8%) were the most frequent phenotypes. Median number of treatments was 1 (range 1\u20134), improvement was reported in 14\/17 cases (82.4%). Oncological accompaniments were teratoma (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>=\u20094), CNS (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>=\u20093), melanoma (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>=\u20092), lung (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>=\u20092), hematological (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>=\u20092), ovary (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>=\u20091), breast (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>=\u20091), gastrointestinal (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>=\u20091), and thymic (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>=\u20091) neoplasms. Median time from tumor diagnosis to MOGAD onset was 0 (range\u2009\u2212\u200960 to 20) months. MOG expression in neoplastic tissue was reported in 2\/4 patients. Median PNS-CARE score was 3 (range 0\u20137): 11 patients were classified as \u201cnon-PNS,\u201d 5 as \u201cpossible PNS,\u201d and 1 as \u201cprobable PNS.\u201d<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our study confirms that MOG is a low-risk antibody for paraneoplastic neurological syndromes and that the clinical presentation and oncological accompaniments are extremely variable. Most of these patients were classified as non-PNS, whereas only a minority was diagnosed with possible\/probable PNS, frequently in association with ovarian teratoma. These findings support the notion that MOGAD is not a paraneoplastic disease.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2023.1193211","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,9]],"date-time":"2023-06-09T12:39:56Z","timestamp":1686314396000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Investigating the association between neoplasms and MOG antibody-associated disease"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Milena","family":"Trentinaglia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Dinoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Carta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vanessa","family":"Chiodega","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sergio","family":"Ferrari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vincenzo","family":"Andreone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giorgia Teresa","family":"Maniscalco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Mariotto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1014","DOI":"10.1212\/NXI.0000000000001014","article-title":"Updated diagnostic criteria for paraneoplastic neurologic syndromes","volume":"8","author":"Graus","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3466","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.15479","article-title":"Investigating paraneoplastic aquaporin-4-IgG-seropositive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder through a data-driven approach","volume":"29","author":"Dinoto","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur J 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Part 3: brainstem involvement \u2013 frequency, presentation and outcome","volume":"13","author":"Jarius","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102038","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2020.102038","article-title":"A case of MOG encephalomyelitis with T- cell lymphoma","volume":"41","author":"Kwon","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mult Scler Relat Disord"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102064","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2020.102064","article-title":"Multiple intracranial lesions with lung adenocarcinoma: a rare case of MOG-IgG-associated encephalomyelitis","volume":"42","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mult Scler Relat Disord"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000200055","article-title":"MOG-IgG-associated demyelination induced by pembrolizumab treatment in a patient with malignant melanoma","volume":"98","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-020-02236-5","article-title":"MOG-expressing teratoma followed by MOG-IgG-positive optic neuritis","volume":"141","author":"Wildemann","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"577858","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2022.577858","article-title":"MOG antibody disease with ovarian teratoma: a case report and review of the literature","volume":"367","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Neuroimmunol"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e31003","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000031003","article-title":"Astrocytoma with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody associated encephalomyelitis: a case report","volume":"101","author":"Zhong","year":"2022","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"ref20","article-title":"Anti-myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibody-associated bilateral optic neuritis: to treat or not to treat?","author":"Ajam","year":"2020","journal-title":"145th Annual Meeting American Neurological Association. 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