{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T16:06:53Z","timestamp":1753891613120,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,3]],"date-time":"2023-08-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1691020800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008626","name":"Cochlear","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008626","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Neurol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this study we aim to develop and internally validate a prediction model on tinnitus experience in a representative sample of the Dutch general population.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We developed a multivariable prediction model using elastic net logistic regression with data from the Dutch Lifelines Cohort Study. This is a multigenerational cohort study on adults who are located in the northern parts of the Netherlands. The model was internally validated using 10-fold cross-validation. The outcome of the model was tinnitus presence, for which we used 24 candidate predictors on different domains (among others demographic, hearing specific, and mental health variables). We assessed the overall predictive performance, discrimination, and calibration of the model.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Data on 122.884 different participants were included, of which 7,965 (6.5%, 0 missing) experienced tinnitus. Nine variables were included in the final model: sex, hearing aids, hearing limitations, arterial blood pressure, quality of sleep, general health, symptom checklist of somatic complaints, cardiovascular risk factors, and age. In the final model, the Brier score was 0.056 and 0.787 in internal validation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>We developed and internally validated a prediction model on tinnitus presence in a multigenerational cohort of the Dutch general population. From the 24 candidate predictors, the final model included nine predictors.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2023.1213687","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,3]],"date-time":"2023-08-03T12:05:10Z","timestamp":1691064310000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Development and internal validation of a prediction model for the presence of tinnitus in a Dutch population-based cohort"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Maaike M.","family":"Rademaker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adriana L.","family":"Smit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert J.","family":"Stokroos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maarten","family":"van Smeden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Inge","family":"Stegeman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2019.00802","article-title":"Why is there no cure for tinnitus?","volume":"13","author":"McFerran","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1600","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)60142-7","article-title":"Tinnitus","volume":"382","author":"Baguley","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.pbr.2020.12.002","article-title":"Tinnitus and tinnitus disorder: theoretical and operational definitions (an international multidisciplinary proposal)","volume":"260","author":"de Ridder","year":"2021","journal-title":"Prog Brain Res"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"888","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2022.2189","article-title":"Global prevalence and incidence of tinnitus: a systematic review and Meta-analysis","volume":"79","author":"Jarach","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1097\/AUD.0b013e31827d113a","article-title":"Tinnitus: a cost study","volume":"34","author":"Maes","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ear Hear"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-017-2527-2","article-title":"An economic evaluation of the healthcare cost of tinnitus management in the UK","volume":"17","author":"Stockdale","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv Res"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599814566179","article-title":"Cost of Care for Subjective Tinnitus in relation to patient satisfaction","volume":"152","author":"Goldstein","year":"2015","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1111\/coa.13592","article-title":"Identifying non-otologic risk factors for tinnitus: a systematic review","volume":"45","author":"Deklerck","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Otolaryngol"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1007\/s10162-022-00874-y","article-title":"Low evidence for tinnitus risk factors: a systematic review and Meta-analysis. 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