{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T21:03:44Z","timestamp":1791407024843,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,26]],"date-time":"2023-07-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690329600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Neurol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>We estimated healthcare resource utilization (HRU) and costs in patients with generalized myasthenia gravis (gMG) in Taiwan.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This retrospective population-based, matched cohort study used the National Health Insurance Research Database to identify prevalent patients with gMG (cases) in 2019. In total, 2537 cases were matched (1:4) by age, sex, and urbanization level to 10148 randomly selected patients without gMG (comparators). A generalized linear regression model predicted the frequency of HRU and costs among service users. Costs attributable to gMG were obtained by subtracting all-cause HRU costs incurred by comparators from cases.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The mean age of all patients was 54.99\u2009years and 55.97% were female. Compared with comparators, cases had significantly higher rates of hypertension (33.03%\/24.26%), diabetes mellitus (18.92%\/11.37%), malignancies (16.00%\/4.08%), cardiovascular disease (11.35%\/8.12%), thyroid-related conditions (5.99%\/1.16%), respiratory illness\/disorders (4.38%\/1.22%), and neurotic disorders (4.65%\/2.6%). Amongst users of healthcare resources, cases had a mean 10 additional outpatient visits, 0.62 inpatient stays, and 0.49 emergency room visits in 2019 compared with comparators (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.0001 for all). The mean (standard deviation) difference in all-cause healthcare costs between cases and comparators was NT$ 94997 (76431) [US$ 3133 (2521)], and was significantly higher for all categories (outpatient, inpatient, emergency room, drugs; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.0001 for all). Among employed persons, 13.18%\/7.59% of cases\/comparators changed employment status during the study (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.0001).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>gMG presents a substantial burden on HRU and healthcare costs in Taiwan. A high attrition rate from full-time employment suggests additional societal costs. Improved treatments are needed to alleviate the burden of disease on individuals, healthcare systems, and economies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2023.1216595","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,26]],"date-time":"2023-07-26T06:35:25Z","timestamp":1690353325000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Healthcare resource utilization and costs associated with generalized myasthenia gravis: a retrospective matched cohort study using the National Health Insurance Research Database in Taiwan"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Shih-Pei","family":"Shen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keira Joann","family":"Herr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanfang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chih-Chao","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chao-Hsiun","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.25122\/jml-2020-0145","article-title":"The epidemiology of myasthenia gravis","volume":"14","author":"Bubuioc","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Med Life"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(09)70063-8","article-title":"Autoimmune myasthenia gravis: emerging clinical and biological 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Taiwan","volume":"2013","author":"Chang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sci World J"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2016.11.003","article-title":"Direct and indirect cost of myasthenia gravis: a prospective study from a tertiary care teaching hospital in India","volume":"38","author":"Sonkar","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100063","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2020.100063","article-title":"Incidence, mortality, and economic burden of myasthenia gravis in China: a nationwide population-based study","volume":"5","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Reg Health West Pac"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1114","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.25624","article-title":"Inpatient cost analysis for treatment of myasthenia gravis","volume":"56","author":"Omorodion","year":"2017","journal-title":"Muscle 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