{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:20:19Z","timestamp":1787026819203,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,12]],"date-time":"2023-10-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1697068800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Neurol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Autoantibodies to the \u03b1-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor (AMPAR) and leucine-rich glioma-inactivated 1 (Lgi1) are associated with autoimmune encephalitis. We described an acetylcholine receptor (AChR)-positive patient with myasthenia gravis who developed limbic encephalitis with antibodies to AMPAR and Lgi1.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A single-case report with detailed, prospective clinical and biomarker data including serial laboratory testing and histopathology.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A 49-year-old woman was diagnosed with anti-AChR antibody-positive generalized myasthenia gravis in 1983. After 9\u2009months of the removal of thymoma in 1984, she developed influenza-like symptoms and then symptoms of limbic encephalitis. Retrospective analysis of serum showed high concentrations of anti-AMPAR and lower concentrations of anti-Lgi1 antibodies. Cerebral CT was normal, EEG showed bifrontal dysrhythmia, and CSF showed mild pleocytosis. Immuno-histochemical examination of the thymoma confirmed staining for Glur2, a subunit of AMPAR. The patient recovered with mild sequelae, but low levels of anti-AMPAR and anti-Lgi1 antibodies were detectable for over 25\u2009years subsequently.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This case confirms earlier reports of AMPAR-associated autoimmune encephalitis co-occurring with thymoma and myasthenia gravis and is unique in its observational length. It shows, moreover, that antibodies to AMPAR and Lgi1 can persist despite clinical recovery.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2023.1237140","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,12]],"date-time":"2023-10-12T12:53:14Z","timestamp":1697115194000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Case report: Seropositive myasthenia gravis complicated by limbic encephalitis positive for antibodies to AMPAR and Lgi1"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Magne Solberg","family":"Nes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mette","family":"Haugen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hans Kristian","family":"Haugland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nils Erik","family":"Gilhus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian Alexander","family":"Vedeler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1053","DOI":"10.1212\/NXI.0000000000001053","article-title":"Thymoma and autoimmune encephalitis, clinical manifestations and antibodies","volume":"8","author":"Guasp","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0404.1989.tb03892.x","article-title":"Recovery from global amnesia during plasma exchange in myasthenia gravis: report of a case","volume":"80","author":"Aarli","year":"1989","journal-title":"Acta Neurol 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autoimmune diseases in patients with thymectomy","volume":"7","author":"Lin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann Clin Transl Neurol"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0404.1994.tb02680.x","article-title":"Exacerbation of myasthenia gravis after removal of thymomas","volume":"90","author":"Somnier","year":"1994","journal-title":"Acta Neurol Scand"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semtcvs.2019.09.002","article-title":"Risk factors for the exacerbation of Myasthenic symptoms after surgical therapy for myasthenia gravis and thymoma","volume":"32","author":"Kato","year":"2020","journal-title":"Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e200108","DOI":"10.1212\/NXI.0000000000200108","article-title":"Prognostic value of persistent CSF antibodies at 12 months in anti-NMDAR encephalitis","volume":"10","author":"Ciano-Petersen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s13317-019-0124-6","article-title":"Associations between HLA and autoimmune neurological diseases with autoantibodies","volume":"11","author":"Mu\u00f1iz-Castrillo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Autoimmunity Highlights"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Neurology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fneur.2023.1237140\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,12]],"date-time":"2023-10-12T12:53:16Z","timestamp":1697115196000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fneur.2023.1237140\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,12]]},"references-count":10,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fneur.2023.1237140"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fneur.2023.1237140","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-2295"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-2295","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,12]]},"article-number":"1237140"}}