{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T16:04:12Z","timestamp":1753891452319,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,17]],"date-time":"2023-11-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1700179200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Neurol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Postural instability is a debilitating cardinal symptom of Parkinson\u2019s disease (PD). Its onset marks a pivotal milestone in PD when balance impairment results in disability in many activities of daily living. Early detection of postural instability by non-expensive tools that can be widely used in clinical practice is a key factor in the prevention of falls in widespread population and their negative consequences.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of a two-dimensional balance assessment to identify the decline in postural control associated with PD progression.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study recruited 55 people with PD, of which 37 were men. Eleven participants were in stage I, twenty-three in stage II, and twenty-one in stage III. According to the Hoehn and Yahr (H&amp;amp;Y) rating scale, three clinical balance tests (Timed Up and Go test, Balance Evaluation Systems Test, and Push and Release test) were carried out in addition to a static stance test recorded by a two-dimensional movement analysis software. Based on kinematic variables generated by the software, a Postural Instability Index (PII) was created, allowing a comparison between its results and those obtained by clinical tests.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>There were differences between sociodemographic variables directly related to PD evolution. Although all tests were correlated with H&amp;amp;Y stages, only the PII was able to differentiate the first three stages of disease evolution (H&amp;amp;Y I and II: <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.03; H&amp;amp;Y I and III: <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.00001; H&amp;amp;Y II and III: <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.02). Other clinical tests were able to differentiate only people in the moderate PD stage (H&amp;amp;Y III).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Based on the PII index, it was possible to differentiate the postural control decline among the first three stages of PD evolution. This study offers a promising possibility of a low-cost, early identification of subtle changes in postural control in people with PD in clinical practice.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2023.1243445","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,18]],"date-time":"2023-11-18T11:52:32Z","timestamp":1700308352000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["A non-expensive bidimensional kinematic balance assessment can detect early postural instability in people with Parkinson\u2019s disease"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Gabriel Venas","family":"Santos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matheus Silva","family":"d'Alencar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andre Fraz\u00e3o","family":"Helene","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Antonio C.","family":"Roque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Garcia Vivas","family":"Miranda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria Elisa Pimentel","family":"Piemonte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1177\/002383099200500204","article-title":"Investigation of gait in elderly subjects over 88 years of age","volume":"5","author":"Bloem","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Geriatr Psychiatry 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