{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T16:40:13Z","timestamp":1790700013398,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,27]],"date-time":"2023-11-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701043200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Neurol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Spastic hemiplegia following ischemic strokes seriously impedes the recovery of motor function posing a vast rehabilitation challenge. As the uncertain effects of recommended conventional treatments such as botulinum toxin injections on active functional improvement and potential adverse effects cannot be bypassed, there is an increasing need in alternative, more effective and safer modalities. Acupoints-based transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (Acu-TENS) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) are effective non-invasive modalities for stroke rehabilitation, particularly showing anti-spastic effect and functional improvements as well. However, the optimal stimulation frequency of Acu-TENS and whether combination of Acu-TENS and tDCS exert synergistic effect remain to be investigated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To evaluate the effects of Acu-TENS combined with tDCS on spasticity and motor function in ischemic stroke patients with spastic hemiplegia and screen the optimal frequency of Acu-TENS.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 90 post-ischemic stroke patients with spastic hemiplegia will be intervened for 4\u2009weeks and followed up for 4\u2009weeks. They will be randomly assigned to three groups including two observation groups and a standard care control group in a 1:1:1 ratio. All patients will receive standard care and regular rehabilitation accordingly. In addition, the two observation groups will receive 12 sessions of Acu-TENS at 20\u2009Hz or 100\u2009Hz for 30\u2009min combined with 1\u2009mA tDCS for 20\u2009min, three times a week, for 4\u2009weeks. The primary outcome is the change in total modified Ashworth scale (MAS) score from baseline to week 4. Secondary outcomes include changes in surface electromyography (SEMG), Fugl-Meyer Motor Function Scale, Modified Barthel Index (MBI), and 10-meter walk test from baseline to week 4. MAS score will also be measured after 4\u2009weeks of follow-up. Adverse events throughout the study will be recorded.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>This trial will evaluate, for the first time, the therapeutic potentials and safety of Acu-TENS combined with tDCS on spasticity and motor function in stroke patients. It will provide evidence for frequency-dependent anti-spastic effect of Acu-TENS, and a reference for rated parameter setting of new mixed transcutaneous and transcranial stimulation system for stroke rehabilitation, thereby promoting proactive healthcare consequently.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Trial registration:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Chinese Clinical Trials Register ChiCTR2200067186.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2023.1269472","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,27]],"date-time":"2023-11-27T04:30:22Z","timestamp":1701059422000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Effects of acupoints-based TENS combined with tDCS on spasticity and motor function in ischemic stroke with spastic hemiplegia: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Xu","family":"Qian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liang-Xiao","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ling-Hui","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qin-Yong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing-Yun","family":"Xiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiu-Yan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tian-Yi","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1145","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)30427-1","article-title":"Mortality, morbidity, and risk factors in China and its provinces, 1990-2017: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2017","volume":"394","author":"Zhou","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(21)00252-0","article-title":"2019 stroke collaborators. 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