{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T15:09:04Z","timestamp":1785337744504,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":96,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,28]],"date-time":"2024-03-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1711584000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Neurol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>To date, the clinical modulation for bone metabolism based on the neuro-bone mass regulation theory is still not popular. The stimulation of nerve systems to explore novel treatments for Postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP) is urgent and significant. Preliminary research results suggested that changes brain function and structure may play a crucial role in bone metabolism with PMOP. Thus, we set up a clinical trial to investigate the effect of the combination of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) and catgut embedding in acupoints (CEA) for PMOP and to elucidate the central mechanism of this neural stimulation in regulating bone metabolism.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>This trial is a prospective and randomized controlled trial. 96 PMOP participants will be randomized in a 1:1:1 ratio into a CEA group, an rTMS group, or a combined one. Participants will receive CEA, rTMS, or combined therapy for 3\u2009months with 8\u2009weeks of follow-up. The primary outcomes will be the changes in Bone Mineral Density scores, total efficiency of Chinese Medicine Symptoms before and after treatment. Secondary outcomes include the McGill Pain Questionnaire Short-Form, Osteoporosis Symptom Score, Mini-Mental State Examination, and Beck Depression Inventory-II. The leptin, leptin receptor, and norepinephrine levels of peripheral blood must be measured before and after treatment. Adverse events that occur during the trial will be recorded.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>CEA achieves brain-bone mass regulation through the bottom-up way of peripheral-central while rTMS achieves it through the top-down stimulation of central-peripheral. CEA combined with rTMS can stimulate the peripheral-central at the same time and promote peripheral bone mass formation. The combination of CEA and rTMS may play a coordinating, synergistic, and side-effect-reducing role, which is of great clinical significance in exploring better treatment options for PMOP.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Clinical trial registration<\/jats:bold>: <jats:ext-link>https:\/\/www.chictr.org.cn\/<\/jats:ext-link>, identifier ChiCTR2300073863.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2024.1295429","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,28]],"date-time":"2024-03-28T13:20:20Z","timestamp":1711632020000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Catgut embedding in acupoints combined with repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis: study protocol for a randomized clinical trial"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Jingjing","family":"Qiu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"JiaZi","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yingyue","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Minghong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yingsin","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yunxiang","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guizhen","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1276","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)62349-5","article-title":"Osteoporosis: now and the future","volume":"377","author":"Rachner","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-13-3681-2_16","article-title":"Osteoporosis and the ageing skeleton","volume":"91","author":"Aspray","year":"2019","journal-title":"Subcell Biochem"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2011","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.2000.15.10.2011","article-title":"More broken bones: a 4-year double cohort study of young girls with and without distal forearm fractures","volume":"15","author":"Goulding","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-006-0206-y","article-title":"Epidemiology, treatment and costs of osteoporosis in Germany--the BoneEVA study","volume":"18","author":"H\u00e4ussler","year":"2007","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.061113","article-title":"Incidence and economic burden of osteoporosis-related fractures in the United States, 2005-2025","volume":"22","author":"Burge","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1374","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.38643.663843.55","article-title":"Effect of comorbidities and postoperative complications on mortality after hip fracture in elderly people: prospective observational cohort study","volume":"331","author":"Roche","year":"2005","journal-title":"BMJ (Clinical research ed)"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1097\/GRF.0b013e3182a9d15a","article-title":"Osteoporosis prevention and management: nonpharmacologic and lifestyle options","volume":"56","author":"Christianson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1089\/jwh.2017.6655","article-title":"Effects of daily intake of calcium and vitamin D-enriched Milk in healthy postmenopausal women: a randomized, controlled, double-blind nutritional study","volume":"27","author":"Reyes-Garcia","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Womens Health (Larchmt)"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2014.07.005","article-title":"The role of dietary protein and vitamin D in maintaining musculoskeletal health in postmenopausal women: a consensus statement from the European Society for Clinical and Economic Aspects of osteoporosis and osteoarthritis (ESCEO)","volume":"79","author":"Rizzoli","year":"2014","journal-title":"Maturitas"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16069","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2016.69","article-title":"Postmenopausal osteoporosis","volume":"2","author":"Eastell","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1302","DOI":"10.1089\/jwh.2016.6263","article-title":"Reasons for not treating women with postmenopausal osteoporosis with prescription medications: Physicians' and Patients' perspectives","volume":"26","author":"Weaver","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Womens Health (Larchmt)"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.13703\/j.0255-2930.2010.03.015","article-title":"Effect and safety evaluation of catgut implantation at acupoint for levels of bone metabolis mand free radicals in postmenopausal women","volume":"30","author":"Chen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Chin Acup Moxib"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5687421","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/5687421","article-title":"The efficacy and safety of traditional Chinese medicine tonifying-Shen (kidney) principle for primary osteoporosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"2020","author":"Liang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Evid Based Complement Alternat Med"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5466","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.26502","article-title":"Neural regulation of bone remodeling: identifying novel neural molecules and pathways between brain and bone","volume":"234","author":"Huang","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Cell Physiol"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1914","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2022.09.025","article-title":"Skeletal interoception in bone homeostasis and pain","volume":"34","author":"Lv","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4946","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21144946","article-title":"Crosstalk of brain and bone-clinical observations and their molecular bases","volume":"21","author":"Otto","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12115","article-title":"Sema3A regulates bone-mass accrual through sensory innervations","volume":"497","author":"Fukuda","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref18","volume-title":"Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine","author":"Hongyuan","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2014.01.037","article-title":"Cognitive effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in patients with neurodegenerative diseases - clinician's perspective","volume":"339","author":"Anderkova","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.30773\/pi.2018.12.21.1","article-title":"Pharmacological and Neuromodulatory treatments for panic disorder: clinical trials from 2010 to 2018","volume":"16","author":"Zugliani","year":"2019","journal-title":"Psychiatry Investig"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2345","DOI":"10.3791\/2345","article-title":"The NeuroStar TMS device: Conducting the FDA approved protocol for treatment of depression","volume":"45","author":"Horvath","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Vis Exp"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1590\/0004-282X20160115","article-title":"Transcranial magnetic stimulation and transcranial direct current stimulation appear to be safe neuromodulatory techniques useful in the treatment of anxiety disorders and other neuropsychiatric disorders","volume":"74","author":"Iannone","year":"2016","journal-title":"Arq Neuropsiquiatr"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"916","DOI":"10.1177\/02692155221089455","article-title":"Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation improves consciousness in some patients with disorders of consciousness","volume":"36","author":"Fan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Rehabil"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1213067","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2023.1213067","article-title":"Clinical application of transcranial magnetic stimulation for functional bowel disease","volume":"10","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Med (Lausanne)"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/j.abb.2008.03.016","article-title":"Regulation of bone remodeling by the central and peripheral nervous system","volume":"473","author":"Elefteriou","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arch Biochem Biophys"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1007\/s00223-016-0179-6","article-title":"The central nervous system and bone metabolism: an evolving story","volume":"100","author":"Dimitri","year":"2017","journal-title":"Calcif Tissue Int"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.3758\/bf03193146","article-title":"G*power 3: a flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences","volume":"39","author":"Faul","year":"2007","journal-title":"Behav Res Methods"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1121043","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2023.1121043","article-title":"Intermittent theta burst stimulation vs. high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for post-stroke cognitive impairment: protocol of a pilot randomized controlled double-blind trial","volume":"17","author":"Han","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"698","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000004730","article-title":"Management of Postmenopausal Osteoporosis: ACOG clinical practice guideline no. 2","volume":"139","year":"2022","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1007\/s11655-010-0574-1","article-title":"Effect of acupoint catgut-embedding on the quality of life, reproductive endocrine and bone metabolism of postmenopausal women","volume":"16","author":"Chen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Chin J Integr Med"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2013.03.032","article-title":"Left DLPFC rTMS stimulation reduced the anxiety bias effect or how to restore the positive memory processing in high-anxiety subjects","volume":"209","author":"Balconi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1017\/s1041610201007608","article-title":"A controlled study of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation as a treatment of depression in the elderly","volume":"13","author":"Manes","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int Psychogeriatr"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2008","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2009.08.016","article-title":"Safety, ethical considerations, and application guidelines for the use of transcranial magnetic stimulation in clinical practice and research","volume":"120","author":"Rossi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2017.03.002","article-title":"Challenges in comparing the acute cognitive outcomes of high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (HF-rTMS) vs. electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in major depression: a systematic review","volume":"91","author":"Kedzior","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1208","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2007.01.018","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of transcranial magnetic stimulation in the acute treatment of major depression: a multisite randomized controlled trial","volume":"62","author":"O'Reardon","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2022.12.038","article-title":"Extension of transcranial magnetic stimulation treatment for depression in non-responders: results of a naturalistic study","volume":"158","author":"Razafsha","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res"},{"key":"ref37","first-page":"399","article-title":"Current situation, evaluation system and classified reactions of adverse reactions of acupoint thread embedding therapy","volume":"35","author":"Xu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chin J Integr Med"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.4103\/indianjpsychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_492_22","article-title":"Clinical practice guidelines for the therapeutic use of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in neuropsychiatric disorders","volume":"65","author":"Tikka","year":"2023","journal-title":"Indian J Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"g6284","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.g6284","article-title":"Multiple hypothesis testing and Bonferroni's correction","volume":"349","author":"Sedgwick","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMJ (Clinical research ed.)"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/s0306-4522(02)00165-3","article-title":"Origins of skeletal pain: sensory and sympathetic innervation of the mouse femur","volume":"113","author":"Mach","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2330","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.1977210","article-title":"CREB mediates brain serotonin regulation of bone mass through its expression in ventromedial hypothalamic neurons","volume":"24","author":"Oury","year":"2010","journal-title":"Genes Dev"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1016\/j.abb.2014.06.005","article-title":"Central genes, pathways and modules that regulate bone mass","volume":"561","author":"Quiros-Gonzalez","year":"2014","journal-title":"Arch Biochem Biophys"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115645","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2020.115645","article-title":"Crosstalk between skeletal and neural tissues is critical for skeletal health","volume":"142","author":"Abeynayake","year":"2021","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2673763","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/2673763","article-title":"The effectiveness and safety of acupoint catgut embedding for the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"2019","author":"Huang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Evid Based Complement Alternat Med"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3641","DOI":"10.1038\/srep03641","article-title":"Metabonomic analysis reveals efficient ameliorating effects of acupoint stimulations on the menopause-caused alterations in mammalian metabolism","volume":"4","author":"Zhang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1089\/pho.2010.2763","article-title":"Effects of laser irradiation of acupuncture points Shenshu on ovariectomized rats","volume":"29","author":"Zhang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Photomed Laser Surg"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1177\/1545968314542616","article-title":"Combined central and peripheral stimulation for treatment of chronic tinnitus: a randomized pilot study","volume":"29","author":"Thabit","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurorehabil Neural Repair"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1007\/s11596-018-1905-2","article-title":"Effect of acupuncture cooperated with low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on chronic insomnia: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"38","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr Med Sci"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.21221","article-title":"The human dorsal premotor cortex facilitates the excitability of ipsilateral primary motor cortex via a short latency cortico-cortical route","volume":"33","author":"Groppa","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hum Brain Mapp"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci10020087","article-title":"Synergistic effects of scalp acupuncture and repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on cerebral infarction: a randomized controlled pilot trial","volume":"10","author":"Kim","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brain Sci"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"771064","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2021.771064","article-title":"Evaluating the effects of 5-Hz repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation with and without wrist-ankle acupuncture on improving spasticity and motor function in children with cerebral palsy: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"15","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"662","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000001857","article-title":"Role of Sigma-1 receptor\/p38 MAPK inhibition in acupoint catgut embedding-mediated analgesic effects in complete Freund's adjuvant-induced inflammatory pain","volume":"125","author":"Du","year":"2017","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"973","DOI":"10.19852\/j.cnki.jtcm.2023.05.003","article-title":"Efficacy of catgut embedding in Baihui (GV20) and Feishu (BL13) and Pishu (BL20) on lung tissue, brain tissue and blood related indexes in rats with allergic rhinitis of lung deficiency type","volume":"43","author":"Heyin","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Tradit Chin Med"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2032","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2019.08.020","article-title":"Transcranial magnetic stimulation and bladder function: a systematic review","volume":"130","author":"Nardone","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1101101","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/1101101","article-title":"Comparison of different physical therapies combined with acupuncture for poststroke cognitive impairment: a network meta-analysis","volume":"2021","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Evid Based Complement Alternat Med"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1669","DOI":"10.1212\/wnl.57.9.1669","article-title":"Beyond the hippocampus: MRI volumetry confirms widespread limbic atrophy in AD","volume":"57","author":"Callen","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1038\/s41413-023-00270-z","article-title":"Causal associations of brain structure with bone mineral density: a large-scale genetic correlation study","volume":"11","author":"Guo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Bone Res"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-2010-1364","article-title":"Reduced limbic and hypothalamic volumes correlate with bone density in early Alzheimer's disease","volume":"20","author":"Loskutova","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-2009-1185","article-title":"Bone density and brain atrophy in early Alzheimer's disease","volume":"18","author":"Loskutova","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2020.00178","article-title":"Voxel-based morphometry reveals a correlation between bone mineral density loss and reduced cortical Gray matter volume in Alzheimer's disease","volume":"12","author":"Takano","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Aging Neurosci"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2022.01.020","article-title":"Case evidence of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in the management of refractory irritable bowel syndrome with comorbid depression","volume":"15","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Brain Stimul"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108442","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2022.108442","article-title":"Functional significance of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex during exhaustive exercise","volume":"175","author":"Bigliassi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biol Psychol"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1065","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2013.03.016","article-title":"Daily repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation of primary motor cortex for neuropathic pain: a randomized, multicenter, double-blind, crossover, sham-controlled trial","volume":"154","author":"Hosomi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.2147\/NDT.S388164","article-title":"A systematic review assessing patient-related predictors of response to transcranial magnetic stimulation in major depressive disorder","volume":"19","author":"Gonterman","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat"},{"key":"ref65","first-page":"902","article-title":"Brain neural effects of the 'tonifying kidney and benefiting marrow' method in the treatment of osteoporosis","volume":"39","author":"Xu","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Tradit Chin Med"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1752","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.154.12.1752","article-title":"Mood improvement following daily left prefrontal repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in patients with depression: a placebo-controlled crossover trial","volume":"154","author":"George","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e22178","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000022178","article-title":"Biomarkers of postmenopausal osteoporosis and interventive mechanism of catgut embedding in acupoints","volume":"99","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Medicine (Abingdon)"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1186\/s13023-023-02620-w","article-title":"Patient-reported outcomes measures of X-linked hypophosphataemia participants: findings from a prospective cohort study in the UK","volume":"18","author":"Cole","year":"2023","journal-title":"Orphanet J Rare Dis"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-017-1403-x","article-title":"An overview of osteoporosis and frailty in the elderly","volume":"18","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02982665","article-title":"Frailty, osteoporosis and hip fracture: causes, consequences and therapeutic perspectives","volume":"12","author":"Rolland","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Nutr Health Aging"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1110","DOI":"10.1097\/GME.0000000000001123","article-title":"Anxiety levels predict fracture risk in postmenopausal women assessed for osteoporosis","volume":"25","author":"Catalano","year":"2018","journal-title":"Menopause"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9500","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-13401-z","article-title":"Sex-specific bi-directional association between osteoporosis and depression from the national representative data of South Korea","volume":"12","author":"Shin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23956","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-03214-x","article-title":"Common osteoporosis drug associated with increased rates of depression and anxiety","volume":"11","author":"Keshishi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6539","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI136105","article-title":"A GABAergic neural circuit in the ventromedial hypothalamus mediates chronic stress-induced bone loss","volume":"130","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1142\/S0192415X20500408","article-title":"Acupuncture for pain management: molecular mechanisms of action","volume":"48","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Chin Med"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2009.05218.x","article-title":"Depression and bone mass","volume":"1192","author":"Bab","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1007\/s11657-020-00817-1","article-title":"Osteoporosis and cognitive impairment interwoven warning signs: community-based study on older adults-Bushehr elderly health (BEH) program","volume":"15","author":"Ebrahimpur","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arch Osteoporos"},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2018.10.005","article-title":"Postmenopausal health interventions: time to move on from the Women's Health Initiative","volume":"48","author":"Thaung Zaw","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ageing Res Rev"},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.4103\/2249-4863.184640","article-title":"Depressive symptoms and bone mineral density in menopause and postmenopausal women: a still increasing and neglected problem","volume":"5","author":"Bener","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Family Med Prim Care"},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2251","DOI":"10.1007\/s40520-019-01426-w","article-title":"Executive functions predict fracture risk in postmenopausal women assessed for osteoporosis","volume":"32","author":"Catalano","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aging Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1708\/2342.25118","article-title":"Insecure attachment style predicts low bone mineral density in postmenopausal women. A pilot study","volume":"51","author":"Niolu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Riv Psichiatr"},{"key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.15607","article-title":"Cognition and vitamin D in older African-American women- physical performance and osteoporosis prevention with vitamin D in older African Americans trial and dementia","volume":"67","author":"Owusu","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"ref83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"938","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2017-00226","article-title":"Effects of leptin on the skeleton","volume":"39","author":"Reid","year":"2018","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"key":"ref84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/s0092-8674(00)81558-5","article-title":"Leptin inhibits bone formation through a hypothalamic relay: a central control of bone mass","volume":"100","author":"Ducy","year":"2000","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1007\/s11914-010-0029-9","article-title":"Evolving concepts in neurogenic osteoporosis","volume":"8","author":"Qin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr Osteoporos Rep"},{"key":"ref86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1038\/420619a","article-title":"Physiology: is brain sympathetic to bone","volume":"420","author":"Flier","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1038\/nature03398","article-title":"Leptin regulation of bone resorption by the sympathetic nervous system and CART","volume":"434","author":"Elefteriou","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2004.11.071","article-title":"Central control of bone remodeling","volume":"328","author":"Takeda","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"ref89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1359\/JBMR.0301214","article-title":"Beta-adrenergic blockers reduce the risk of fracture partly by increasing bone mineral density: Geelong osteoporosis study","volume":"19","author":"Pasco","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"ref90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1359\/JBMR.041202","article-title":"Beta-blocker use, BMD, and fractures in the study of osteoporotic fractures","volume":"20","author":"Reid","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"ref91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2100808","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202100808","article-title":"Neuronal induction of bone-fat imbalance through osteocyte neuropeptide Y","volume":"8","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adv Sci (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)"},{"key":"ref92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20102608","article-title":"Genetic determination of the cellular basis of the sympathetic regulation of bone mass accrual","volume":"208","author":"Kajimura","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"ref93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1016\/s0092-8674(02)01049-8","article-title":"Leptin regulates bone formation via the sympathetic nervous system","volume":"111","author":"Takeda","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-021-02802-1","article-title":"Reduction of impulsivity in patients receiving deep transcranial magnetic stimulation treatment for obesity","volume":"74","author":"Luzi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"key":"ref95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1007\/s11682-021-00519-3","article-title":"Electroacupuncture enhances resting-state functional connectivity between dorsal caudate and precuneus and decreases associated leptin levels in overweight\/obese subjects","volume":"16","author":"He","year":"2022","journal-title":"Brain Imaging Behav"},{"key":"ref96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.3892\/ijmm.2020.4462","article-title":"Evidence for acupoint catgut embedding treatment and TRPV1 gene deletion increasing weight control in murine model","volume":"45","author":"Inprasit","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Mol Med"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Neurology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fneur.2024.1295429\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,28]],"date-time":"2024-03-28T13:20:31Z","timestamp":1711632031000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fneur.2024.1295429\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,28]]},"references-count":96,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fneur.2024.1295429"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fneur.2024.1295429","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-2295"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-2295","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,28]]},"article-number":"1295429"}}