{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T12:22:46Z","timestamp":1784809366843,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,11]],"date-time":"2024-03-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1710115200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Neurol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Currently, disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) for progressive multiple sclerosis (PMS) are widely used in clinical practice. At the same time, there are a variety of drug options for DMTs, but the effect of the drugs that can better relieve symptoms and improve the prognosis are still inconclusive.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>This systematic review aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of DMTs for PMS and to identify the best among these drugs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, and <jats:ext-link>clinicaltrials.gov<\/jats:ext-link> were systematically searched to identify relevant studies published before 30 January, 2023. We assessed the certainty of the evidence using the confidence in the network meta-analysis (CINeMA) framework. We estimated the summary risk ratio (RR) for dichotomous outcomes and mean differences (MD) for continuous outcomes with 95% credible intervals (CrIs).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We included 18 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving 9,234 patients in the study. DMT can effectively control the disease progression of MS. Among them, mitoxantrone, siponimod, and ocrelizumab are superior to other drug options in delaying disease progression (high certainty). Mitoxantrone was the best (with high certainty) for mitigating deterioration (progression of disability). Ocrelizumab performed best on the pre- and post-treatment Timed 25-Foot Walk test (T25FW; low certainty), as did all other agents (RR range: 1.12\u20131.05). In the 9-Hole Peg Test (9HPT), natalizumab performed the best (high certainty), as did all other agents (RR range: 1.59\u20131.09). In terms of imaging, IFN-beta-1b performed better on the new T2 hypointense lesion on contrast, before and after treatment (high certainty), while siponimod performed best on the change from baseline in the total volume of lesions on T2-weighted image contrast before and after treatment (high certainty), and sWASO had the highest area under the curve (SUCRA) value (100%). In terms of adverse events (AEs), rituximab (RR 1.01), and laquinimod (RR 1.02) were more effective than the placebo (high certainty). In terms of serious adverse events (SAEs), natalizumab (RR 1.09), and ocrelizumab (RR 1.07) were safer than placebo (high certainty).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>DMTs can effectively control disease progression and reduce disease deterioration during the treatment of PMS.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Systematic review registration<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:ext-link>https:\/\/inplasy.com\/?s=202320071<\/jats:ext-link>, identifier: 202320071.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2024.1295770","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,11]],"date-time":"2024-03-11T15:10:30Z","timestamp":1710169830000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Disease-modifying therapy in progressive multiple sclerosis: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Xin","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shixin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tao","family":"Xue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiaxuan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhouqing","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1750-3639.2007.00064.x","article-title":"The immunopathology of multiple sclerosis: an overview","volume":"17","author":"Lassmann","year":"2007","journal-title":"Brain Pathol."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1083","DOI":"10.1212\/CON.0000000000001157","article-title":"Progressive multiple sclerosis","volume":"28","author":"Amezcua","year":"2022","journal-title":"Continuum."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.46.4.907","article-title":"Defining the clinical course of multiple sclerosis: results of an international survey. National Multiple Sclerosis Society (USA) Advisory Committee on clinical trials of new agents in multiple sclerosis","volume":"46","author":"Lublin","year":"1996","journal-title":"Neurology."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(14)70256-X","article-title":"Pathological mechanisms in progressive multiple sclerosis","volume":"14","author":"Mahad","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(06)70349-0","article-title":"The measurement and clinical relevance of brain atrophy in multiple sclerosis","volume":"5","author":"Bermel","year":"2006","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1517\/14656566.2.4.623","article-title":"Immunomodulatory drugs for multiple sclerosis: a systematic review of clinical and cost effectiveness","volume":"2","author":"Clegg","year":"2001","journal-title":"Expert Opin Pharmacother."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-014-1263-5","article-title":"Oxidative tissue injury in multiple sclerosis is only partly reflected in experimental disease models","volume":"128","author":"Schuh","year":"2014","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1008","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000344417.42972.54","article-title":"Multiple sclerosis therapeutics: unexpected outcomes clouding undisputed successes","volume":"72","author":"Wiendl","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neurology."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14599","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0404874101","article-title":"Autoimmune concepts of multiple sclerosis as a basis for selective immunotherapy: from pipe dreams to (therapeutic) pipelines","volume":"101","author":"Hohlfeld","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1038\/s41582-020-00421-4","article-title":"Towards treating progressive multiple sclerosis","volume":"16","author":"Thompson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurol."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.13215","article-title":"Current and emerging disease-modulatory therapies and treatment targets for multiple sclerosis","volume":"289","author":"Piehl","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Intern Med."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1052","DOI":"10.1007\/s00115-021-01080-6","article-title":"Disease-modifying treatment of secondary progressive multiple sclerosis","volume":"92","author":"Hoffmann","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nervenarzt."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1097\/WCO.0000000000000561","article-title":"Disease-modifying treatments for early and advanced multiple sclerosis: a new treatment paradigm","volume":"31","author":"Giovannoni","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr Opin Neurol."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1123","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458517694432","article-title":"New insights into the burden and costs of multiple sclerosis in Europe","volume":"23","author":"Kobelt","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mult Scler."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"b2700","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.b2700","article-title":"The PRISMA statement for reporting systematic reviews and meta-analyses of studies that evaluate healthcare interventions: explanation and elaboration","volume":"339","author":"Liberati","year":"2009","journal-title":"Br Med J."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(17)30470-2","article-title":"Diagnosis of multiple sclerosis: 2017 revisions of the McDonald criteria","volume":"17","author":"Thompson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"d5928","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.d5928","article-title":"The Cochrane Collaboration's tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials","volume":"343","author":"Higgins","year":"2011","journal-title":"Br Med J."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1003082","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1003082","article-title":"CINeMA: an approach for assessing confidence in the results of a network meta-analysis","volume":"17","author":"Nikolakopoulou","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS Med."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1490","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.328.7454.1490","article-title":"Grading quality of evidence and strength of recommendations","volume":"328","author":"Atkins","year":"2004","journal-title":"Br Med J."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1002\/jrsm.1054","article-title":"Automating network meta-analysis","volume":"3","author":"van Valkenhoef","year":"2012","journal-title":"Res Synth Methods."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1002\/jrsm.1167","article-title":"Automated generation of node-splitting models for assessment of inconsistency in network meta-analysis","volume":"7","author":"van Valkenhoef","year":"2016","journal-title":"Res Synth Methods."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1111\/ane.13344","article-title":"Rituximab and glatiramer-acetate in secondary-progressive multiple sclerosis: a randomized-clinical trial","volume":"143","author":"Cheshmavar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acta Neurol Scand."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1037","DOI":"10.1212\/NXI.0000000000001037","volume":"8","author":"H\u00f8jsgaard Chow","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"998","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(20)30342-2","article-title":"Long-term follow-up from the ORATORIO trial of ocrelizumab for primary progressive multiple sclerosis: a post-hoc analysis from the ongoing open-label extension of the randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial","volume":"19","author":"Wolinsky","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1027","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000010284","article-title":"A randomized, placebo-controlled, phase 2 trial of laquinimod in primary progressive multiple sclerosis","volume":"95","author":"Giovannoni","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurology."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1263","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)30475-6","article-title":"Siponimod versus placebo in secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (EXPAND): a double-blind, randomised, phase 3 study","volume":"391","author":"Kappos","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(18)30069-3","article-title":"Effect of natalizumab on disease progression in secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (ASCEND): a phase 3, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial with an open-label extension","volume":"17","author":"Kapoor","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1606468","article-title":"Ocrelizumab versus placebo in primary progressive multiple sclerosis","volume":"376","author":"Montalban","year":"2017","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1075","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)01314-8","article-title":"Oral fingolimod in primary progressive multiple sclerosis (INFORMS): a phase 3, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"387","author":"Lublin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1002\/acn3.293","article-title":"Insufficient disease inhibition by intrathecal rituximab in progressive multiple sclerosis","volume":"3","author":"Komori","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurology."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1195","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458509106937","article-title":"A single-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of interferon beta-1b on primary progressive and transitional multiple sclerosis","volume":"15","author":"Montalban","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mult Scler."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.21867","article-title":"Rituximab in patients with primary progressive multiple sclerosis: results of a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled multicenter trial","volume":"66","author":"Hawker","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann Neurol."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.21079","article-title":"Glatiramer acetate in primary progressive multiple sclerosis: results of a multinational, multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"61","author":"Wolinsky","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann Neurol."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"706","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2003.010090","article-title":"Multicentre, randomised, double blind, placebo controlled, phase III study of weekly, low dose, subcutaneous interferon beta-1a in secondary progressive multiple sclerosis","volume":"275","author":"Andersen","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1212\/wnl.60.1.44","article-title":"Interferon \u03b2-1a in primary progressive MS. An exploratory, randomized, controlled trial","volume":"60","author":"Leary","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neurology."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2018","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)12023-X","article-title":"Mitoxantrone in progressive multiple sclerosis: a placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomised, multicentre trial","volume":"360","author":"Hartung","year":"2002","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1496","DOI":"10.1212\/wnl.56.11.1505","article-title":"Randomized controlled trial of interferonbeta-1a in secondary progressive MS Clinical results","volume":"56","author":"Li","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neurology."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"850","DOI":"10.1002\/1531-8249(199912)46:6<850::aid-ana7>3.0.co;2-q","article-title":"Effect of interferon-b1b on magnetic resonance imaging outcomes in secondary progressive multiple sclerosis: results of a European multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"46","author":"Miller","year":"1999","journal-title":"Ann Neurol."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.62.2.112","article-title":"Therapeutic effect of mitoxantrone combined with methylprednisolone in multiple sclerosis: a randomised multicentre study of active disease using MRI and clinical criteria","volume":"62","author":"Edan","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.3988\/jcn.2014.10.4.289","article-title":"Cardiotoxicity of mitoxantrone treatment in a german cohort of 639 multiple sclerosis patients","volume":"10","author":"Fleischer","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Clin Neurol."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458514541508","article-title":"Therapy-related acute leukaemia with mitoxantrone: four years on, what is the risk and can it be limited?","volume":"21","author":"Ellis","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mult Scler."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e30618","DOI":"10.5812\/ircmj.30618","article-title":"Evaluating the role of corticosteroid pulse therapy in patients with secondary progressive multiple sclerosis receiving mitoxantrone: a double blind randomized controlled clinical trial","volume":"17","author":"Rahimdel","year":"2015","journal-title":"Iran Red Crescent Med J."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1245","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1994.00540240089022","article-title":"A brief history of the use of interferons as treatment of multiple sclerosis","volume":"51","author":"Jacobs","year":"1994","journal-title":"Arch Neurol."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1097","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.37.7.1097","article-title":"Treatment of multiple sclerosis with gamma interferon: exacerbations associated with activation of the immune system","volume":"37","author":"Panitch","year":"1987","journal-title":"Neurology."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.43.4.655","article-title":"Interferon beta-1b is effective in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. I. Clinical results of a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"43","year":"1993","journal-title":"Neurology."},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(14)70068-7","article-title":"Pegylated interferon beta-1a for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (ADVANCE): a randomised, phase 3, double-blind study","volume":"13","author":"Calabresi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0706383","article-title":"B-cell depletion with rituximab in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis","volume":"358","author":"Hauser","year":"2008","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"key":"B48","volume-title":"LiverTox: Clinical and Research Information on Drug-Induced Liver Injury","year":"2012"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70227","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines8070227","article-title":"Sphingosine-1-phosphate: its pharmacological regulation and the treatment of multiple sclerosis: a review article","volume":"8","author":"Cohan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biomedicines."},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2011.02.019","article-title":"Insight into the mechanism of laquinimod action","volume":"306","author":"Bruck","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci."},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2004.02.016","article-title":"Laquinimod (ABR-215062) suppresses the development of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, modulates the Th1\/Th2 balance and induces the Th3 cytokine TGF-beta in Lewis rats","volume":"156","author":"Yang","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Neuroimmunol."},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2010.07.009","article-title":"Laquinimod interferes with migratory capacity of T cells and reduces IL-17 levels, inflammatory demyelination and acute axonal damage in mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis","volume":"227","author":"Wegner","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Neuroimmunol."},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1007\/s40120-014-0017-6","article-title":"Laquinimod therapy in multiple sclerosis: a comprehensive review","volume":"3","author":"Kolb-Sobieraj","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurol Ther."},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21453","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.C200176200","article-title":"The immune modulator FTY720 targets sphingosine 1-phosphate receptors","volume":"277","author":"Brinkmann","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Biol Chem."},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.107.123927","article-title":"The immunomodulator FTY720 has a direct cytoprotective effect in oligodendrocyte progenitors","volume":"323","author":"Coelho","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther."},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-016-0686-4","article-title":"Siponimod (BAF312) prevents synaptic neurodegeneration in experimental multiple sclerosis","volume":"13","author":"Gentile","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation."},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-016-0494-x","article-title":"The dual S1PR1\/S1PR5 drug BAF312 (siponimod) attenuates demyelination in organotypic slice cultures","volume":"13","author":"O'Sullivan","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation."},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1021\/ml300396r","article-title":"Discovery of BAF312 (siponimod), a potent and selective S1P receptor modulator","volume":"4","author":"Pan","year":"2013","journal-title":"ACS Med Chem Lett."},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2012.09.005","article-title":"The mechanism of action of glatiramer acetate in multiple sclerosis and beyond","volume":"12","author":"Aharoni","year":"2013","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev."},{"key":"B60","volume-title":"LiverTox: Clinical and Research Information on Drug-Induced Liver Injury","author":"Glatiramer","year":"2012"},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1683","DOI":"10.1586\/14737175.8.11.1683","article-title":"Fumarates for the treatment of multiple sclerosis: potential mechanisms of action and clinical studies","volume":"8","author":"Linker","year":"2008","journal-title":"Expert Rev Neurother."},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1007\/s40263-020-00700-0","article-title":"Diroximel fumarate demonstrates an improved gastrointestinal tolerability profile compared with dimethyl fumarate in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: results from the randomized, double-blind, phase III EVOLVE-MS-2 study","volume":"34","author":"Naismith","year":"2020","journal-title":"CNS Drugs."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Neurology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fneur.2024.1295770\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,11]],"date-time":"2024-03-11T15:10:34Z","timestamp":1710169834000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fneur.2024.1295770\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,11]]},"references-count":62,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fneur.2024.1295770"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fneur.2024.1295770","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-2295"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-2295","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,11]]},"article-number":"1295770"}}