{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,8]],"date-time":"2026-11-08T03:43:02Z","timestamp":1794109382362,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,16]],"date-time":"2024-04-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1713225600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Neurol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is a rare autoimmune disorder of the central nervous system characterized by recurrent, disabling attacks that affect the optic nerve, spinal cord, and brain\/brainstem. While rituximab, targeting CD20-positive B-cells, is used as an off-label therapy for NMOSD, some patients continue to exhibit breakthrough attacks and\/or adverse reactions. Inebilizumab, a humanized and glycoengineered monoclonal antibody targeting CD19-positive B-cells, has been FDA approved for the treatment of NMOSD in adult patients who are anti-aquaporin-4 (AQP4) antibody positive. Given the limited real-world data on the efficacy and safety of inebilizumab, especially in those transitioning from rituximab, a retrospective chart review was conducted on 14 NMOSD patients from seven centers. Of these, 71.4% (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200910) experienced a combined 17 attacks during rituximab treatment, attributed to either breakthrough disease (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200910) or treatment delay (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20097). The mean duration of rituximab treatment was 38.4\u2009months (3.2\u2009years). Notably, no subsequent attacks were observed during inebilizumab treatment [mean duration of inebilizumab treatment was 19.3\u2009months (1.6\u2009years)], underscoring its potential as an effective treatment for NMOSD. Our data suggest that inebilizumab provides clinical benefit with effective disease control and a favorable safety profile for patients transitioning from rituximab.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2024.1352779","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,16]],"date-time":"2024-04-16T15:13:29Z","timestamp":1713280409000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Case report: Transition from anti-CD20 therapy to inebilizumab for 14 cases of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Benjamin","family":"Osborne","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriela","family":"Romanow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. 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(P13.5.015)","volume":"100","author":"Weinshenker","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105041","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2023.105041","article-title":"Treatment transitions in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder increase risk for disease advancement","volume":"79","author":"Okuda","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mult Scler Relat Disord"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in 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