{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T17:11:21Z","timestamp":1793121081363,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,26]],"date-time":"2024-04-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1714089600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Neurol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Magnetic resonance\u2013guided focused ultrasound (MRgFUS) thalamotomy of the ventralis intermediate (Vim) nucleus is an \u201cincisionless\u201d treatment for medically refractory essential tremor (ET). We present data on 49 consecutive cases of MRgFUS Vim thalamotomy followed-up for 3\u2009years and review the literature on studies with longer follow-up data.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A retrospective chart review of patients who underwent MRgFUS thalamotomy (January 2018\u2013December 2020) at our institution was performed. Clinical Rating Scale for Tremor (CRST) and Quality of Life in Essential Tremor (QUEST) scores were obtained pre-operatively and at each follow-up with an assessment of side effects. Patients had post-operative magnetic resonance imaging within 24\u2009h and at 1\u2009month to figure out lesion location, size, and extent. The results of studies with follow-up \u22653\u2009years were summarized through a literature review.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The CRST total (baseline: 58.6\u2009\u00b1\u200917.1, 3-year: 40.8\u2009\u00b1\u200918.0) and subscale scores (A\u2009+\u2009B, baseline: 23.5\u2009\u00b1\u20096.3, 3-year: 12.8\u2009\u00b1\u20097.9; C, baseline: 12.7\u2009\u00b1\u20094.3, 3-year: 5.8\u2009\u00b1\u20093.9) and the QUEST score (baseline: 38.0\u2009\u00b1\u200914.8, 3-year: 18.7\u2009\u00b1\u200913.3) showed significant improvement that was stable during the 3-year follow-up. Three patients reported tremor recurrence and two were satisfactorily retreated. Side effects were reported by 44% of patients (severe: 4%, mild and transient: 40%). The improvement in tremor and quality of life in our cohort was consistent with the literature.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We confirmed the effectiveness and safety of MRgFUS Vim thalamotomy in medically refractory ET up to 3\u2009years.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2024.1360035","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,26]],"date-time":"2024-04-26T00:58:26Z","timestamp":1714093106000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound unilateral thalamotomy for medically refractory essential tremor: 3-year follow-up data"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Stefano","family":"Tamburin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabio","family":"Paio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tommaso","family":"Bovi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giorgia","family":"Bulgarelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michele","family":"Longhi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberto","family":"Foroni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisa","family":"Mantovani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paolo Maria","family":"Polloniato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Micaela","family":"Tagliamonte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emanuele","family":"Zivelonghi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chiara","family":"Zucchella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlo","family":"Cavedon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Nicolato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benedetto","family":"Petralia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Sala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruno","family":"Bonetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michele","family":"Tinazzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefania","family":"Montemezzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giuseppe Kenneth","family":"Ricciardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1038\/s41582-020-00418-z","article-title":"Applications of focused ultrasound in the brain: from thermoablation to drug delivery","volume":"17","author":"Meng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurol"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"743649","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2022.743649","article-title":"Magnetic resonance image guided focused ultrasound thalamotomy. 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