{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T17:13:35Z","timestamp":1793121215676,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,2]],"date-time":"2024-04-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1712016000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Neurol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The recovery of upper extremity motor impairment after stroke remains a challenging task. The clinical effectiveness of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), which is believed to aid in the recovery process, is still uncertain.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A systematic search was conducted in Medline (Ovid), Cochrane and Embase electronic databases from March 28, 2014, to March 28, 2023. The inclusion criteria consisted of randomized controlled trials that assessed the effects of rTMS on the recovery of upper limb motor impairment among stroke patients. Various measurements, including the Fugl Meyer Assessment Upper Extremity Scale (FMA-UE), Brunnstrom recovery stage, Action Research Arm Test (ARAT), and Barthel index, were evaluated both before and after the intervention.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Nineteen articles with 865 patients were included. When considering only the rTMS parameters, both inhibitory and excitatory rTMS improved FMA-UE (MD\u2009=\u20091.87, 95% CI\u2009=\u2009[0.88]\u2013[2.86], <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt;\u20090.001) and Barthel index (MD\u2009=\u20099.73, 95% CI\u2009=\u2009[4.57]\u2013[14.89], <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt;\u20090.001). When considering only the severity of upper limb hemiplegia, both less severe (MD\u2009=\u20091.56, 95% CI\u2009=\u2009[0.64]\u2013[2.49], <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt;\u20090.001) and severe (MD\u2009=\u20092.05, 95% CI\u2009=\u2009[1.09]\u2013[3.00], <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt;\u20090.001) hemiplegia benefited from rTMS based on FMA-UE. However, when considering the rTMS parameters, severity of hemiplegia and stroke stages simultaneously, inhibitory rTMS was found to be significantly effective for less severe hemiplegia in the acute and subacute phases (MD\u2009=\u20094.55, 95% CI\u2009=\u2009[2.49]\u2013[6.60], <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt;\u20090.001), but not in the chronic phase based on FMA-UE. For severe hemiplegia, inhibitory rTMS was not significantly effective in the acute and subacute phases, but significantly effective in the chronic phase (MD\u2009=\u20092.10, 95% CI\u2009=\u2009[0.75]\u2013[3.45], <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> =\u20090.002) based on FMA-UE. Excitatory rTMS was found to be significantly effective for less severe hemiplegia in the acute and subacute phases (MD\u2009=\u20091.93, 95% CI\u2009=\u2009[0.58]\u2013[3.28], <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> =\u20090.005) based on FMA-UE. The improvements in Brunnstrom recovery stage and ARAT need further research.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The effectiveness of rTMS depends on its parameters, severity of hemiplegia, and stroke stages. It is important to consider all these factors together, as any single grouping method is incomplete.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2024.1369836","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,2]],"date-time":"2024-04-02T13:31:41Z","timestamp":1712064701000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["The stratified effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in upper limb motor impairment recovery after stroke: a meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Ran","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sihan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tianyuan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kun","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xue","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenjiao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"916","DOI":"10.7326\/m19-1695","article-title":"The Management of Stroke Rehabilitation: a synopsis of the 2019 U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs and U.S. Department of Defense clinical practice guideline","volume":"171","author":"Sall","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.3389\/fncir.2016.00056","article-title":"Non-invasive brain stimulation to enhance post-stroke recovery","volume":"10","author":"Kubis","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front Neural Circuits"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1080\/10749357.2022.2026278","article-title":"Does noninvasive brain stimulation combined with other therapies improve upper extremity motor impairment, functional performance, and participation in activities of daily living after stroke? A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trial","volume":"30","author":"Ahmed","year":"2023","journal-title":"Top Stroke Rehabil"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"994","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci12080994","article-title":"Rehabilitation interventions combined with noninvasive brain stimulation on upper limb motor function in stroke patients","volume":"12","author":"Cha","year":"2022","journal-title":"Brain Sci"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.4103\/0028-3886.338700","article-title":"Short-term effect of noninvasive brain stimulation techniques on motor impairment in chronic ischemic stroke: a systematic review with Meta-analysis","volume":"70","author":"Narayan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neurol India"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1097\/WCO.0b013e32801080d1","article-title":"Does brain stimulation after stroke have a future?","volume":"19","author":"Talelli","year":"2006","journal-title":"Curr Opin Neurol"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1080\/10749357.2017.1305644","article-title":"Effects of low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation and neuromuscular electrical stimulation on upper extremity motor recovery in the early period after stroke: a preliminary study","volume":"24","author":"Tosun","year":"2017","journal-title":"Top Stroke Rehabil"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.3233\/rnn-170733","article-title":"Effects of combining high- and low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on upper limb hemiparesis in the early phase of stroke","volume":"36","author":"Long","year":"2018","journal-title":"Restor Neurol Neurosci"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1177\/0269215518820896","article-title":"The comparative efficacy of theta burst stimulation or functional electrical stimulation when combined with physical therapy after stroke: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"33","author":"Khan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Rehabil"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2138","DOI":"10.1161\/strokeaha.117.020607","article-title":"Randomized sham-controlled trial of navigated repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for motor recovery in stroke","volume":"49","author":"Harvey","year":"2018","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1007\/s40120-021-00300-0","article-title":"Functional near-infrared spectroscopy as a target navigator for rTMS modulation in patients with hemiplegia: a randomized control study","volume":"11","author":"Chang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neurol Ther"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"554089","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2020.554089","article-title":"Enhancing brain plasticity to promote stroke recovery","volume":"11","author":"Su","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"918786","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2022.918786","article-title":"Comparative efficacy of different repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation protocols for stroke: a network meta-analysis","volume":"13","author":"Xia","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2023.02.077","article-title":"Recovery of patients with upper limb paralysis due to stroke who underwent intervention using low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation combined with occupational therapy: a retrospective cohort study","volume":"26","author":"Hamaguhi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neuromodulation"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2021-327211","article-title":"Recovery after stroke: the severely impaired are a distinct group","volume":"93","author":"Bonkhoff","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"876","DOI":"10.1177\/1545968319872996","article-title":"What the proportional recovery rule is (and is not): methodological and statistical considerations","volume":"33","author":"Kundert","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurorehabil Neural Repair"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e030262","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2019-030262","article-title":"Current therapy for the upper limb after stroke: a cross-sectional survey of UK therapists","volume":"9","author":"Stockley","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.3233\/rnn-180877","article-title":"Time course of sensorimotor cortex reorganization during upper extremity task accompanying motor recovery early after stroke: an fNIRS study","volume":"37","author":"Delorme","year":"2019","journal-title":"Restor Neurol Neurosci"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"526645","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2020.526645","article-title":"Dynamic neural network changes revealed by voxel-based functional connectivity strength in left basal ganglia ischemic stroke","volume":"14","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1186\/s12883-015-0292-6","article-title":"An overview of systematic reviews on upper extremity outcome measures after stroke","volume":"15","author":"Alt Murphy","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Neurol"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e706","DOI":"10.1212\/wnl.0000000000012366","article-title":"Recovery and prediction of bimanual hand use after stroke","volume":"97","author":"Plantin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"d5928","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.d5928","article-title":"The Cochrane Collaboration's tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials","volume":"343","author":"Higgins","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref23","author":"Drahota","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2288-14-135","article-title":"Estimating the sample mean and standard deviation from the sample size, median, range and\/or interquartile range","volume":"14","author":"Wan","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Med Res Methodol"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1177\/1545968315595285","article-title":"Primed physical therapy enhances recovery of upper limb function in chronic stroke patients","volume":"30","author":"Ackerley","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurorehabil Neural Repair"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1080\/08990220.2017.1316254","article-title":"Effects of low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on upper extremity motor recovery and functional outcomes in chronic stroke patients: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"34","author":"A\u015fk\u0131n","year":"2017","journal-title":"Somatosens Mot Res"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1007","DOI":"10.3109\/00207454.2015.1094473","article-title":"Effects of repetitive facilitative exercise with neuromuscular electrical stimulation, vibratory stimulation and repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation of the hemiplegic hand in chronic stroke patients","volume":"126","author":"Etoh","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Neurosci"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"940","DOI":"10.1111\/cns.12762","article-title":"Effectiveness of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) after acute stroke: a one-year longitudinal randomized trial","volume":"23","author":"Guan","year":"2017","journal-title":"CNS Neurosci Ther"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.31661\/jbpe.v0i0.879","article-title":"The effect of high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on functional indices of affected upper limb in patients with subacute stroke","volume":"11","author":"Moslemi Haghighi","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Biomed Phys Eng"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1655","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2016.02.024","article-title":"Daily repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for Poststroke upper limb paresis in the subacute period","volume":"25","author":"Hosomi","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3815357","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/3815357","article-title":"Low-frequency rTMS over Contralesional M1 increases Ipsilesional cortical excitability and motor function with decreased interhemispheric asymmetry in subacute stroke: a randomized controlled study","volume":"2022","author":"Luk","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neural Plast"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1177\/1545968319860483","article-title":"Combining fluoxetine and rTMS in Poststroke motor recovery: a placebo-controlled double-blind randomized phase 2 clinical trial","volume":"33","author":"Bonin Pinto","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurorehabil Neural Repair"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"305236","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/305236","article-title":"Does inhibitory repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation augment functional task practice to improve arm recovery in chronic stroke?","volume":"2014","author":"Rose","year":"2014","journal-title":"Stroke Res Treat"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1682","DOI":"10.3109\/02699052.2014.947626","article-title":"Bilateral high- and low-frequency rTMS in acute stroke patients with hemiparesis: a comparative study with unilateral high-frequency rTMS","volume":"28","author":"Sasaki","year":"2014","journal-title":"Brain Inj"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e13579","DOI":"10.5812\/ircmj.13579","article-title":"Low frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation to improve motor function and grip force of upper limbs of patients with hemiplegia","volume":"16","author":"Motamed Vaziri","year":"2014","journal-title":"Iran Red Crescent Med J"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"979","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.03.020","article-title":"Effects of high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation over the contralesional motor cortex on motor recovery in severe hemiplegic stroke: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"13","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brain Stimul"},{"key":"ref37","first-page":"6662","article-title":"Observation of rehabilitative effects of repeated 1-Hz transcranial magnetic stimulation in patients with hand dysfunction after stroke","volume":"13","author":"Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Clin Exp Med"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.31083\/jin-170043","article-title":"Scalp acupuncture plus low-frequency rTMS promotes repair of brain white matter tracts in stroke patients: a DTI study","volume":"17","author":"Zhao","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Integr Neurosci"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1007\/s11596-015-1419-0","article-title":"Effect of combined low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation and virtual reality training on upper limb function in subacute stroke: a double-blind randomized controlled trail","volume":"35","author":"Zheng","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Huazhong Univ Sci Technolog Med Sci"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2023.107131","article-title":"Effect of task-based bilateral arm training on upper limb recovery after stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"32","author":"Gnanaprakasam","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"962","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2006.02.036","article-title":"Comparison of the action research arm test and the Fugl-Meyer assessment as measures of upper-extremity motor weakness after stroke","volume":"87","author":"Rabadi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1186\/s12984-023-01153-4","article-title":"Effects of bihemispheric transcranial direct current stimulation on motor recovery in subacute stroke patients: a double-blind, randomized sham-controlled trial","volume":"20","author":"Hsu","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Neuroeng Rehabil"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"591435","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2020.591435","article-title":"Brain computer Interface treatment for motor rehabilitation of upper extremity of stroke patients-a feasibility study","volume":"14","author":"Sebasti\u00e1n-Romagosa","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1080\/10749357.2019.1690796","article-title":"Upper limb use differs among people with varied upper limb impairment levels early post-stroke: a single-site, cross-sectional, observational study","volume":"27","author":"Chin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Top Stroke Rehabil"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"952757","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2022.952757","article-title":"Classification of functional and non-functional arm use by inertial measurement units in individuals with upper limb impairment after stroke","volume":"13","author":"Pohl","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e402","DOI":"10.1212\/wnl.0000000000200517","article-title":"Observational study of neuroimaging biomarkers of severe upper limb impairment after stroke","volume":"99","author":"Hayward","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2361","DOI":"10.1161\/strokeaha.121.035494","article-title":"Evidence of motor skill learning in acute stroke patients without lesions to the thalamus and internal capsule","volume":"53","author":"Riga","year":"2022","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2516","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2020.06.016","article-title":"Stratifying chronic stroke patients based on the influence of contralesional motor cortices: an inter-hemispheric inhibition study","volume":"131","author":"Lin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1177\/1545968321992330","article-title":"Evidence for a window of enhanced plasticity in the human motor cortex following ischemic stroke","volume":"35","author":"Hordacre","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurorehabil Neural Repair"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.23736\/s1973-9087.22.07404-4","article-title":"New technologies promoting active upper limb rehabilitation after stroke: an overview and network meta-analysis","volume":"58","author":"Everard","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur J Phys Rehabil Med"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1071","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-018-8802-2","article-title":"Cortico-spinal excitability and hand motor recovery in stroke: a longitudinal study","volume":"265","author":"Veldema","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"940","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2005.06.033","article-title":"Transcallosal inhibition in chronic subcortical stroke","volume":"28","author":"Duque","year":"2005","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1177\/1545968319863709","article-title":"Bilateral Contralaterally controlled functional electrical stimulation reveals new insights into the interhemispheric competition model in chronic stroke","volume":"33","author":"Cunningham","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurorehabil Neural Repair"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4781","DOI":"10.1113\/jp279793","article-title":"Inter-hemispheric inhibition sculpts the output of neural circuits by co-opting the two cerebral hemispheres","volume":"598","author":"Carson","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2019.02.018","article-title":"The unsolved role of heightened connectivity from the unaffected hemisphere to paretic arm muscles in chronic stroke","volume":"130","author":"Hammerbeck","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1097\/phm.0000000000001277","article-title":"Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on motor recovery for patients with stroke: a PRISMA compliant systematic review and Meta-analysis","volume":"99","author":"He","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3717","DOI":"10.1161\/strokeaha.122.040687","article-title":"Network Meta-analysis of non-conventional therapies for improving upper limb motor impairment Poststroke","volume":"53","author":"Saikaley","year":"2022","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1177\/15459683211054184","article-title":"Motor network reorganization after repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in early stroke patients: a resting state fMRI study","volume":"36","author":"Juan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neurorehabil Neural Repair"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1089\/brain.2022.0064","article-title":"Stimulation of the premotor cortex enhances interhemispheric functional connectivity in association with upper limb motor recovery in moderate-to-severe chronic stroke","volume":"13","author":"Unger","year":"2023","journal-title":"Brain Connect"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Neurology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fneur.2024.1369836\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,2]],"date-time":"2024-04-02T13:31:46Z","timestamp":1712064706000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fneur.2024.1369836\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,2]]},"references-count":59,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fneur.2024.1369836"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fneur.2024.1369836","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-2295"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-2295","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,2]]},"article-number":"1369836"}}