{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T01:52:37Z","timestamp":1792633957252,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,10]],"date-time":"2024-04-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1712707200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Neurol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Vestibular migraine (VM) is a newly defined clinical condition. Several vestibular abnormalities have been reported in patients with VM. However, to date, no specific vestibular examinations are used to define VM. Therefore, the utility of vestibular examinations is limited. Currently, the role of vestibular examination has not been clearly defined. We speculated that the results of vestibular examinations could predict the prognosis of VM. We investigated the relationship between the vestibular examination results and clinical outcomes in patients with VM.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study included 25 patients with VM. Vestibular examinations, including the video head impulse test (V-HIT), cervical and ocular vestibular evoked myogenic potential (c-VEMP and o-VEMP), posturography, and several questionnaires, including the Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI), were conducted at the initial evaluation. Lifestyle modifications for VM and conventional pharmacological prophylactic treatments, including lomerizine, amitriptyline, and valproic acid, were performed. After 4\u2009weeks of treatment, clinical improvements were evaluated using the Clinical Global Improvement Scale (CGI-s). The relationships among the CGI-S score, several clinical variables, and the results of several vestibular examinations were evaluated. Each patient was further classified into two subgroups according to treatment outcomes concerning vertigo and headache: CGI-S score from 0 to 2 (good response [GR]) and CGI-S score\u2009&amp;gt;\u20093 (poor response [PR]).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Overall, after treatment, most of the patients had improved dizziness and headache, and the CGI-s was 2.7\u2009\u00b1\u20091.3. There were 12 GRs, and 13 had PRs. Thus, neither V-HIT nor posturography predicted the prognosis. For c-VEMP, patients with GRs had significantly small AR concerning PR (19.2\u2009\u00b1\u200912.8 and 62.5\u2009\u00b1\u200942.5, respectively, [\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.01]). There were five normal, six unilateral, and 14 bilateral no response in 500hz o-VEMP. CGI-s of normal, unilateral, and bilateral no response was 1.4\u2009\u00b1\u20090.5, 2.8\u2009\u00b1\u20091.3, and 3.1\u2009\u00b1\u20091.2, respectively. There was a statistically significant difference between the normal and bilateral non-response o-VEMP groups (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.05).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients with VM had improvements in both headache and vertigo through a combination of lifestyle changes and prophylactic medications. Vestibular examinations, especially o- or c-VEMP, are beneficial for predicting the treatment outcomes of VM. The pathophysiology of VM is closely related to vestibular abnormalities, particularly the otolith-related pathways.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2024.1370940","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,10]],"date-time":"2024-04-10T00:31:41Z","timestamp":1712709101000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Prognostic significance vestibular examination results in patients with vestibular migraine"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Fumiyuki","family":"Goto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Koichiro","family":"Wasano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shoji","family":"Kaneda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenji","family":"Okami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1028","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000237539.09942.06","article-title":"Migrainous vertigo: prevalence and impact on quality of life","volume":"67","author":"Neuhauser","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1007\/s11916-007-0193-5","article-title":"Migraine-related vertigo: diagnosis and treatment","volume":"11","author":"Eggers","year":"2007","journal-title":"Curr Pain Headache Rep"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1211","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102411409074","article-title":"Vestibular sensitivity in vestibular migraine: VEMPs and motion sickness susceptibility","volume":"31","author":"Boldingh","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cephalalgia"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599810391755","article-title":"Vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials in migrainous vertigo","volume":"144","author":"Hong","year":"2011","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"788","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599811434073","article-title":"Can vestibular\u2010evoked myogenic potentials help differentiate M\u00e9ni\u00e8re disease from vestibular migraine?","volume":"146","author":"Zuniga","year":"2012","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.3109\/00016489.2011.565423","article-title":"The Japanese version of the dizziness handicap inventory as an index of treatment success: exploratory factor analysis","volume":"131","author":"Goto","year":"2011","journal-title":"Acta Otolaryngol"},{"key":"ref7","first-page":"804","article-title":"A screening version of the dizziness handicap inventory (DHI-S)","volume":"19","author":"Jacobson","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Otol"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.1996.01890140029007","article-title":"Development of the tinnitus handicap inventory","volume":"122","author":"Newman","year":"1996","journal-title":"Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1080\/14992020400050058","article-title":"The hospital anxiety and depression scale (HAD) as a screening instrument in tinnitus evaluation","volume":"43","author":"Z\u00f6ger","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int J Audiol"},{"key":"ref10","first-page":"371","article-title":"Hospital anxiety and depression scale (HAD)","volume":"4","author":"Zigmond","year":"1993","journal-title":"Arch Psychiatr Diagn Clin Eval"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2017.00258","article-title":"The video head impulse test","volume":"8","author":"Halmagyi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1000318","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2022.1000318","article-title":"Caloric and video head impulse test dissociated results in dizzy patients","volume":"13","author":"Waissbluth","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2340","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-020-09851-y","article-title":"Utriculo-ocular pathway dysfunction is more frequent in vestibular migraine than probable vestibular migraine","volume":"267","author":"Fujimoto","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"945","DOI":"10.3109\/00016489.2011.580003","article-title":"Association of air-conducted sound oVEMP findings with cVEMP and caloric test findings in patients with unilateral peripheral vestibular disorders","volume":"131","author":"Murofushi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Acta Otolaryngol"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.3109\/00016489.2015.1040172","article-title":"Somatosensory shift of postural control in dizzy patients","volume":"135","author":"Okumura","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acta Otolaryngol"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1537","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0000000000003297","article-title":"Effects of lifestyle modification on vestibular migraine","volume":"42","author":"Roberts","year":"2021","journal-title":"Otol Neurotol"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3741","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awac264","article-title":"Vestibular migraine treatment: a comprehensive practical review","volume":"145","author":"Smyth","year":"2022","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"ref18","first-page":"28","article-title":"The clinical global impressions scale: applying a research tool in clinical practice","volume":"4","author":"Busner","year":"2007","journal-title":"Psychiatry (Edgmont)"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0000000000000656","article-title":"Prognostic significance of vestibulospinal abnormalities in patients with vestibular migraine","volume":"36","author":"Jung","year":"2015","journal-title":"Otol Neurotol"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1447","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-009-5132-4","article-title":"Vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials in vestibular migraine","volume":"256","author":"Baier","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4522(00)00521-2","article-title":"Capsaicin stimulation of the cochlea and electric stimulation of the trigeminal ganglion mediate vascular permeability in cochlear and vertebro-basilar arteries: a potential cause of inner ear dysfunction in headache","volume":"103","author":"Vass","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1097\/00019052-200302000-00002","article-title":"Migrainous vertigo: development of a pathogenetic model and structured diagnostic interview","volume":"16","author":"Furman","year":"2003","journal-title":"Curr Opin Neurol"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1144","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0b013e31822a1c67","article-title":"Investigation of the coherence of definite and probable vestibular migraine as distinct clinical entities","volume":"32","author":"Eggers","year":"2011","journal-title":"Otol Neurotol"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181b38a04","article-title":"Vertigo as a migraine trigger","volume":"73","author":"Murdin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.3109\/00016489.2012.727469","article-title":"Vestibular abnormality in patients with Meniere\u2019s disease and migrainous vertigo","volume":"133","author":"Shin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acta Otolaryngol"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Neurology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fneur.2024.1370940\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,10]],"date-time":"2024-04-10T00:31:45Z","timestamp":1712709105000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fneur.2024.1370940\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,10]]},"references-count":25,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fneur.2024.1370940"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fneur.2024.1370940","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-2295"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-2295","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,10]]},"article-number":"1370940"}}