{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T00:16:50Z","timestamp":1790295410735,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,5]],"date-time":"2024-07-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1720137600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Neurol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To determine whether dual-task interference during upper limb tasks is increased in patients after stroke compared to healthy older subjects and to compare magnitude of stroke-induced change in interference to that explained by aging.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We conducted a systematic literature search in MEDLINE, CINAHL, Google Scholar and PEDro databases up to October 2023 for studies on upper limb dual-tasks in stroke and elderly healthy subjects. Eleven upper limb dual-task studies in stroke patients and 11 studies in healthy older subjects were identified and systematically reviewed. A meta-analysis was performed on seven stroke studies and on five studies in healthy older subjects that included control groups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Most stroke studies investigated proximal arm movements with kinematic measures, but few studies evaluated manual dexterity. In contrast, studies in healthy older subjects used more distal (finger tapping) tasks. The meta-analysis showed that stroke patients had on average a 19% (CI 95%\u2009=\u20091.0\u201337.3) increase in dual-task interference compared to age-matched healthy controls (<jats:italic>Z<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20092.06, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.04). Older healthy subjects showed greater dual-task interference compared to younger subjects (19% greater, CI 95%\u2009=\u20096.5\u201331.2, <jats:italic>Z<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20092.98, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.003).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Meta-analysis revealed an increase in dual-task interference during upper limb movements in stroke patients, exceeding age-related changes, supporting the presence of subclinical impairments in divided attention post-stroke that may impede motor recovery.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2024.1375152","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,5]],"date-time":"2024-07-05T05:17:11Z","timestamp":1720156631000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Increased dual-task interference during upper limb movements in stroke exceeding that found in aging \u2013 a systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"P\u00e5vel G.","family":"Lindberg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nadia","family":"AmirShemiraniha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carmen","family":"Krewer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marc A.","family":"Maier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joachim","family":"Hermsd\u00f6rfer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1001","year":""},{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2181","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000087172.16305.CD","article-title":"Probability of regaining dexterity in the flaccid upper limb: impact of severity of paresis and time since onset in acute stroke","volume":"34","author":"Kwakkel","year":"2003","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1693","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)60325-5","article-title":"Stroke rehabilitation","volume":"377","author":"Langhorne","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"944","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.119.026205","article-title":"Recovery and prediction of dynamic precision grip force control after stroke","volume":"51","author":"Pennati","year":"2020","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0154792","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0154792","article-title":"Upper limb outcome measures used in stroke rehabilitation studies: a systematic literature review","volume":"11","author":"Santisteban","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"CD006073","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006073","article-title":"Repetitive task training for improving functional ability after stroke","volume":"4","author":"French","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.1016\/S1388-2457(03)00042-7","article-title":"Grip force control during object manipulation in cerebral stroke","volume":"114","author":"Hermsd\u00f6rfer","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1578","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2013.06.003","article-title":"Force control in object manipulation--a model for the study of sensorimotor control strategies","volume":"37","author":"Nowak","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1177\/15459683241245416","article-title":"Post-stroke impairments of manual dexterity and finger proprioception: their contribution to upper limb activity capacity","volume":"38","author":"van Ravestyn","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neurorehabil Neural Repair"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-0003-11-76","article-title":"Retraining and assessing hand movement after stroke using the MusicGlove: comparison with conventional hand therapy and isometric grip training","volume":"11","author":"Friedman","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Neuroeng Rehabil"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1177\/1545968320939563","article-title":"Pushing the rehabilitation boundaries: hand motor impairment can be reduced in chronic stroke","volume":"34","author":"Mawase","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurorehabil Neural Repair"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucli.2018.10.065","article-title":"Individual recovery profiles of manual dexterity, and relation to corticospinal lesion load and excitability after stroke -a longitudinal pilot study","volume":"49","author":"Birchenall","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurophysiol Clin"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.3758\/s13423-012-0333-8","article-title":"Augmented visual, auditory, haptic, and multimodal feedback in motor learning: a review","volume":"20","author":"Sigrist","year":"2013","journal-title":"Psychon Bull Rev"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1186\/s12984-023-01213-9","article-title":"Efficacy of interactive manual dexterity training after stroke: a pilot single-blinded randomized controlled trial","volume":"20","author":"T\u00e9r\u00e9metz","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Neuroeng Rehabil"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2149","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awz127","article-title":"Impaired attentional modulation of sensorimotor control and cortical excitability in schizophrenia","volume":"142","author":"Carment","year":"2019","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E536","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1715617115","article-title":"Motor dexterity and strength depend upon integrity of the attention-control system","volume":"115","author":"Rinne","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-6123(00)26009-3","article-title":"Limitations in information processing in the human brain: neuroimaging of dual task performance and working memory tasks","volume":"126","author":"Klingberg","year":"2000","journal-title":"Prog Brain Res"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2006.03.007","article-title":"Dual-task-related gait changes in individuals with stroke","volume":"25","author":"Yang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Gait Posture"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2010.08.008","article-title":"Cognitive motor interference while walking: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"35","author":"Al-Yahya","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.12616","article-title":"Cognitive motor interference for gait and balance in stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"22","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.3758\/bf03196141","article-title":"Processing bottlenecks in dual-task performance: structural limitation or strategic postponement?","volume":"8","author":"Ruthruff","year":"2001","journal-title":"Psychon Bull Rev"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"790","DOI":"10.1037\/0096-1523.31.4.790","article-title":"Testing the predictions of the central capacity sharing model","volume":"31","author":"Tombu","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2565","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2013.08.002","article-title":"American congress of rehabilitation medicine stroke networking group cognition task force. Cognitive-motor interference during functional mobility after stroke: state of the science and implications for future research","volume":"94","author":"Plummer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1097\/WCO.0000000000000843","article-title":"Prediction of motor recovery after stroke: being pragmatic or innovative?","volume":"33","author":"Rosso","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr Opin Neurol"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e706","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000012366","article-title":"Recovery and Prediction of Bimanual Hand Use After Stroke","volume":"17","author":"Plantin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"882","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2020.00882","article-title":"Cognitive-locomotor dual-task interference in stroke survivors and the influence of the tasks: a systematic review","volume":"11","author":"Deblock-Bellamy","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"910","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2018.00910","article-title":"Manual dexterity and aging: a pilot study disentangling sensorimotor from cognitive decline","volume":"9","author":"Carment","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"686","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2018.07.010","article-title":"Temporal trends in age at ischemic stroke onset by ethnicity","volume":"28","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann Epidemiol"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2018.00913","article-title":"Cognitive involvement in balance, gait and dual-tasking in aging: a focused review from a neuroscience of aging perspective","volume":"9","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijsu.2010.02.007","article-title":"Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement","volume":"8","author":"Moher","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Surg"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3146","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.14168","article-title":"Cognitive-motor interference during goal-directed upper-limb movements","volume":"48","author":"Bank","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur J Neurosci"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1109\/ICORR.2019.8779418","article-title":"Robot-based measures of upper limb cognitive-motor interference across the HIV-stroke Spectrum","author":"Bui","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Int Conf Rehabil Robot"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1056","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.110.597880","article-title":"Cognitive context determines dorsal premotor cortical activity during hand movement in patients after stroke","volume":"42","author":"Dennis","year":"2011","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15085","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-71845-7","article-title":"The effects of anxiety and dual-task on upper limb motor control of chronic stroke survivors","volume":"10","author":"Hejazi-Shirmard","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humov.2012.01.007","article-title":"Upper-limb motor control in patients after stroke: attentional demands and the potential beneficial effects of arm support","volume":"32","author":"Houwink","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hum Mov Sci"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"671541","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2021.671541","article-title":"Dual task effects on speed and accuracy during cognitive and upper limb motor tasks in adults with stroke hemiparesis","volume":"15","author":"Kim","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Hum Neurosci"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"771185","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2021.771185","article-title":"Differences in dual task performance after robotic upper extremity rehabilitation in hemiplegic stroke patients","volume":"12","author":"Lee","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.1177\/15459683211023190","article-title":"Obstacle avoidance and dual-tasking during reaching while standing in patients with mild chronic stroke","volume":"35","author":"Mullick","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurorehabil Neural Repair"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1310\/tsr1803-238","article-title":"Dual-task demands of hand movements for adults with stroke: a pilot study","volume":"18","author":"Pohl","year":"2011","journal-title":"Top Stroke Rehabil"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"730","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2016.12.004","article-title":"Cognitive-motor interference on upper extremity motor performance in a robot-assisted planar reaching task among patients with stroke","volume":"98","author":"Shin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-023-06550-8","article-title":"Enhanced cognitive interference during visuomotor tasks may cause eye-hand dyscoordination","volume":"241","author":"Singh","year":"2023","journal-title":"Exp Brain Res"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2018.09.018","article-title":"Reduced motor cortex inhibition and a \u2018cognitive-first\u2019 prioritisation strategy for older adults during dual-tasking","volume":"113","author":"Corp","year":"2018","journal-title":"Exp Gerontol."},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.2147\/CIA.S198697","article-title":"The association between cognition and dual-tasking among older adults: the effect of motor function type and cognition task difficulty","volume":"14","author":"Ehsani","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Interv Aging"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1037\/0882-7974.18.2.181","article-title":"The costs of doing two things at once for young and older adults: talking while walking, finger tapping, and ignoring speech or noise","volume":"18","author":"Kemper","year":"2003","journal-title":"Psychol Aging"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7449","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-86579-3","article-title":"Innovative motor and cognitive dual-task approaches combining upper and lower limbs may improve dementia early detection","volume":"11","author":"Mancioppi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.1080\/13825585.2011.600752","article-title":"Hemispheric lateralization in aging: interest of the verbal-manual concurrency paradigm","volume":"18","author":"Petit","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neuropsychol Dev Cogn B Aging Neuropsychol Cogn"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2016.00167","article-title":"Upper-extremity dual-task function: an innovative method to assess cognitive impairment in older adults","volume":"8","author":"Toosizadeh","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front Aging Neurosci"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1007\/s40520-013-0151-5","article-title":"Age and task difficulty differences in dual tasking using circle tracing and serial subtraction tasks","volume":"26","author":"Vaportzis","year":"2014","journal-title":"Aging Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1080\/138255890969339","article-title":"Age-related differences in working memory and force control under dual-task conditions","volume":"13","author":"Voelcker-Rehage","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neuropsychol Dev Cogn B Aging Neuropsychol Cogn"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"P141","DOI":"10.1093\/geronb\/62.3.p141","article-title":"Effect of motor practice on dual-task performance in older adults","volume":"62","author":"Voelcker-Rehage","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-013-3511-7","article-title":"Slow and steady is not as easy as it sounds: interlimb coordination at slow speed is associated with elevated attentional demand especially in older adults","volume":"227","author":"Fujiyama","year":"2013","journal-title":"Exp Brain Res"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"P225","DOI":"10.1093\/geronb\/59.5.p225","article-title":"Ipsilateral coordination deficits and central processing requirements associated with coordination as a function of aging","volume":"59","author":"Heuninckx","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci"},{"key":"ref52","article-title":"Chapter 3: systematic reviews of effectiveness","volume-title":"JBI manual for evidence synthesis","author":"Tufanaru","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/0197-2456(86)90046-2.28","article-title":"Meta-analysis in clinical trials","volume":"7","author":"DerSimonian","year":"1986","journal-title":"Contr ClinTrials"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.3233\/RNN-150510","article-title":"Emerging evidence of the association between cognitive deficits and arm motor recovery after stroke: a meta-analysis","volume":"33","author":"Mullick","year":"2015","journal-title":"Restor Neurol Neurosci"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1177\/1545968315613864","article-title":"Prefrontal Cortex Activation While Walking Under Dual-Task Conditions in Stroke: A Multimodal Imaging Study","volume":"30","author":"Al-Yahya","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurorehabil Neural Repair"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2017.01.010","article-title":"Cognitive-motor dual-task interference: a systematic review of neural correlates","volume":"75","author":"Leone","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cogbrainres.2005.01.023","article-title":"Involvement of both prefrontal and inferior parietal cortex in dual-task performance","volume":"24","author":"Collette","year":"2005","journal-title":"Brain Res Cogn Brain Res"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.21905","article-title":"Resting interhemispheric functional magnetic resonance imaging connectivity predicts performance after stroke","volume":"67","author":"Carter","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1006","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awac157","article-title":"Recovered grasping performance after stroke depends on interhemispheric frontoparietal connectivity","volume":"146","author":"Hensel","year":"2023","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"794618","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2022.794618","article-title":"Superior longitudinal fasciculus: a review of the anatomical descriptions with functional correlates","volume":"13","author":"Janelle","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1177\/15459683231177606","article-title":"Association of Dual-Task Gait Cost and White Matter Hyperintensity Burden Poststroke: results from the ONDRI","volume":"37","author":"Pieruccini-Faria","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neurorehabil Neural Repair"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1329","DOI":"10.1080\/09593985.2021.1872129","article-title":"Cognitive-motor dual-task gait training within 3 years after stroke: A randomized controlled trial","volume":"38","author":"Plummer","year":"2022","journal-title":"Physiother Theory Pract"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awu336","article-title":"Neural substrates underlying stimulation-enhanced motor skill learning after stroke","volume":"138","author":"Lefebvre","year":"2015","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1016\/S0149-7634(02)00064-7","article-title":"Aging, expertise and fine motor movement","volume":"26","author":"Krampe","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-0003-9-6","article-title":"Validation of a mechanism to balance exercise difficulty in robot-assisted upper-extremity rehabilitation after stroke","volume":"3","author":"Zimmerli","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Neuroeng Rehabil"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Neurology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fneur.2024.1375152\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,5]],"date-time":"2024-07-05T05:17:17Z","timestamp":1720156637000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fneur.2024.1375152\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,5]]},"references-count":66,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fneur.2024.1375152"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fneur.2024.1375152","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-2295"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-2295","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,5]]},"article-number":"1375152"}}