{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,31]],"date-time":"2026-01-31T18:08:20Z","timestamp":1769882900456,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,15]],"date-time":"2024-05-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1715731200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021YFC2501200"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021YFC2501200"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Neurol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Epidemiological studies have provided evidence suggesting an association between Alzheimer\u2019s disease (AD) and various oral manifestations. However, conflicting conclusions have been drawn, and whether a causal association truly exists remains unclear.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In order to investigate the potential causal association between AD and prevalent oral diseases, we conducted a bi-directional two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis based on summary statistics from genome-wide association studies of AD (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200963,926), as well as mouth ulcer (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009461,103), oral cavity cancer (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20094,151), and periodontal disease (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009527,652).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We identified that one standard increase in the risk of AD was causally associated with a reduced risk of oral cavity cancer (OR\u2009=\u20090.76, 95% CI: 0.63\u20130.92, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20093.73\u2009\u00d7\u200910<jats:sup>\u22123<\/jats:sup>). In the opposite direction, oral conditions were not causally associated with risk of AD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The present findings contributed to a better understanding of the correlation between AD and oral conditions, specifically oral cavity cancer. These results also identified new avenues for exploring the underlying mechanisms of oral cavity cancer.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2024.1391625","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,15]],"date-time":"2024-05-15T04:34:04Z","timestamp":1715747644000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Alzheimer\u2019s disease and oral manifestations: a bi-directional Mendelian randomization study"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Jingxuan","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aiping","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yunshuang","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chunyu","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Huifang","family":"Shang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e521","DOI":"10.1016\/S2666-7568(21)00142-2","article-title":"Oral health for healthy ageing","volume":"2","author":"Patel","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Healthy 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