{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:20:28Z","timestamp":1787026828092,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,27]],"date-time":"2024-05-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1716768000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Neurol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our aim was to translate, adapt and validate the Myasthenia Gravis Activities of Daily Living scale into the Latvian language and to evaluate this instrument (MG-ADL-L) in terms of construct validity and reliability.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We enrolled patients with a confirmed MG diagnosis, who could speak Latvian fluently. We performed translation and adaptation according to the cross-cultural adaptation guidelines for self-reported measures. The patients were evaluated by a physician according to the Myasthenia Gravis Foundation of America classification (MGFA) and using the Myasthenia Gravis Composite Score (MGCS). Patients were asked to complete the MG-ADL-L and the 15-item Myasthenia Gravis Quality of Life (MGQOL15) Internal consistency was evaluated based on Cronbach\u2019s \u03b1, reproducibility\u2014Cohen\u2019s weighted kappa and construct validity\u2014Spearman\u2019s correlation between the MG-ADL-L and the MGQOL15 and MGCS. We used the Kruskal\u2013Wallis H test to compare the MG-ADL-L score distribution between the MGFA groups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      38 enrolled patients in the study. There was an acceptable internal consistency (Cronbach\u2019s \u03b1\u2009=\u20090.76) and moderate to very good agreement between the test and retest scores (Cohen\u2019s weighted kappa\u2009=\u20090.54 and 0.81). The MG-ADL-L showed a moderate positive correlation with the MGQOL15 (r\u2009=\u20090.5,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.001) and the MGCS (r\u2009=\u20090.62,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.001). There was a significant difference in MG-ADL-L scores between the MGFA groups (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.007).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The MG-ADL-L is a valid and reliable self-reported scale to assess and evaluate symptom severity and the impact of the disease on the lives of patients with MG.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2024.1397603","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,27]],"date-time":"2024-05-27T00:28:24Z","timestamp":1716769704000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Translation and validation of the Myasthenia Gravis Activities of Daily Living Questionnaire: Latvian version"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Arta","family":"Grosmane","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ieva","family":"Roze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marija","family":"Roddate","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gundega","family":"\u0136au\u0137e","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Violeta","family":"\u017dukova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ieva","family":"Gl\u0101zere","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maksims","family":"Zolovs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Viktorija","family":"\u0136\u0113ni\u0146a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1023","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(15)00145-3","article-title":"Myasthenia gravis: subgroup classification and therapeutic strategies","volume":"14","author":"Gilhus","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3050","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-021-10891-1","article-title":"Burden of disease in myasthenia gravis: taking the patient\u2019s perspective","volume":"269","author":"Lehnerer","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.22140","article-title":"MG-ADL: still a relevant outcome measure","volume":"44","author":"Muppidi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.27837","article-title":"Concordance between patient- and physician-reported myasthenia gravis activities of daily living (MG-ADL) scores","volume":"68","author":"Dewilde","year":"2023","journal-title":"Muscle 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gravis-activities of daily living (MG-ADL) and quantitative myasthenia gravis (QMG) assessments of anti-acetylcholine receptor antibody-positive refractory generalized myasthenia gravis in the phase 3 regain study","volume":"58","author":"Vissing","year":"2018","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.18502\/cjn.v21i1.9360","article-title":"Validation of myasthenia gravis activity of daily living questionnaire: Persian version","volume":"21","author":"Faghani","year":"2022","journal-title":"Curr J Neurol"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.26435","article-title":"Translation and validation of the Arabic version of the myasthenia gravis activities of daily living scale","volume":"59","author":"Alanazy","year":"2019","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1927","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-017-3083-6","article-title":"Validity, reliability, and sensitivity to change of the myasthenia gravis activities of daily living profile in a sample of Italian myasthenic patients","volume":"38","author":"Raggi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurol Sci"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1177\/1539449220961077","article-title":"Reliability and validity of Turkish myasthenia gravis-activities of daily living scale","volume":"41","author":"Karanfil","year":"2021","journal-title":"OTJR"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1007\/s10742-022-00293-9","article-title":"Sample size recommendations for studies on reliability and measurement error: an online application based on simulation studies","volume":"23","author":"Mokkink","year":"2023","journal-title":"Health Serv Outcomes Res Methodol"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.21315\/mjms2018.25.6.9","article-title":"A review on sample size determination for Cronbach\u2019s alpha test: a simple guide for researchers","volume":"25","author":"Bujang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Malays J Med Sci"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3186","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200012150-00014","article-title":"Guidelines for the process of cross-cultural adaptation of self-report measures","volume":"25","author":"Beaton","year":"2000","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.5116\/ijme.4dfb.8dfd","article-title":"Making sense of Cronbach\u2019s alpha","volume":"2","author":"Tavakol","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Med Educ"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in 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