{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,10]],"date-time":"2026-01-10T02:50:51Z","timestamp":1768013451568,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,31]],"date-time":"2024-07-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722384000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Neurol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>We aimed to evaluate the drug utilization of <jats:italic>Ginkgo biloba<\/jats:italic> extract (Gbe), systemic corticosteroids (CSs), and pentoxifylline (PTXF) for the treatment of acute tinnitus by analyzing electronic patient health record data. In addition, we assessed whether the different drug treatments were associated with different frequencies of repeat visits to ear, nose, and throat (ENT) doctors.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This retrospective cohort study used data from the IQVIA Disease Analyzer (DA) database. It included patients with an initial diagnosis of tinnitus between January 2005 and December 2021, treated by ENT specialists in Germany.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of 111,629 patients meeting all selection criteria, 51,205 received prescriptions of Gbe, 34,817 of systemic CSs, and 25,607 of PTXF. Gbe prescription was associated with significantly lower odds of a repeat consultation due to tinnitus compared to systemic CSs [odds ratio (OR) 0.91; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.88\u20130.95] as well as PTXF (OR 0.74; 95% CI: 0.72\u20130.77). This association was significant in both men and women and in some age groups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Gbe is the most frequently ENT specialist-prescribed drug for the treatment of acute tinnitus. It is associated with a reduced likelihood of patients consulting their ENT specialist for tinnitus again compared to systemic CSs and PTXF.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2024.1402978","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,31]],"date-time":"2024-07-31T15:19:33Z","timestamp":1722439173000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Ginkgo biloba extract prescriptions are associated with less frequent repeat visits to ENT doctors due to tinnitus: a retrospective cohort study"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Berthold","family":"Langguth","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thorsten","family":"Reineke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Burkart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karel","family":"Kostev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-pharmtox-010818-021556","article-title":"Therapeutic approaches to the treatment of tinnitus","volume":"59","author":"Langguth","year":"2019","journal-title":"Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1007\/s00106-019-0623-9","article-title":"Intermittent tinnitus-an empirical description","volume":"67","author":"Burkart","year":"2019","journal-title":"HNO"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S50","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1950-6149","article-title":"Tinnitus and influencing comorbidities","volume":"102","author":"Mazurek","year":"2023","journal-title":"Laryngorhinootologie"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10455","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph191610455","article-title":"Estimation of tinnitus-related socioeconomic costs in Germany","volume":"19","author":"Tziridis","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"888","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2022.2189","article-title":"Global prevalence and incidence of tinnitus: a systematic review and Meta-analysis","volume":"79","author":"Jarach","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100250","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lanepe.2021.100250","article-title":"Tinnitus prevalence in Europe: a multi-country cross-sectional population study","volume":"12","author":"Biswas","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Reg Health Eur"},{"key":"ref7","volume-title":"Tinnitus: assessment and management (NICE Guideline 155)","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1007\/s00060-022-8403-7","article-title":"S3-Leitlinie zu chronischem tinnitus \u00fcberarbeitet: was derzeit zu Diagnostik und Therapie empfohlen wird und was nicht [S3-guideline on chronic tinnitus revised: what currently is recommended in diagnosis and therapy what not]","volume":"52","author":"Hesse","year":"2022","journal-title":"HNO Nachr"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3087","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12093087","article-title":"Tinnitus guidelines and their evidence base","volume":"12","author":"Langguth","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5869","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11195869","article-title":"Hearing aid use time is causally influenced by psychological parameters in mildly distressed patients with chronic tinnitus and mild-to-moderate hearing loss","volume":"11","author":"Boecking","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1007\/s00106-022-01207-4","article-title":"S3 guideline: chronic tinnitus: German Society for Otorhinolaryngology, head and neck surgery e. 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