{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T13:58:03Z","timestamp":1793109483608,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,10]],"date-time":"2024-06-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717977600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Neurol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Women can experience various reproductive events, such as pregnancy, childbirth, lactation, and contraception, which cause long-term changes in female hormones. In middle-aged women, the prevalence of migraine is high, and a clear gender difference is evident. This study investigated the effects of factors associated with past reproductive events on the risk of new migraine in middle-aged premenopausal women.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The influence of reproductive factors on migraine in middle-aged women was investigated using the Korean National Health Insurance Service (KNHIS) and Korean Health Examination (KHE) databases. The reproductive factors of interest were parity, breastfeeding, and oral contraceptive (OC) use. The study included 949,704 middle-aged premenopausal women 40\u201360 years of age. The study population was divided into two groups based on new diagnosis of migraine during the follow-up period (2009\u20132018).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The risk of new migraine tended to increase in the primiparous (hazard ratio, HR: 1.179; 95% confidence interval, CI: 1.137\u20131.221) and multiparous groups (HR: 1.181; 95% CI: 1.142\u20131.221) compared with the nulliparous group. The breastfeeding \u226512 months group (HR: 1.071; 95% CI: 1.052\u20131.091) showed a significantly increased risk of new migraine compared with the non-breastfeeding group. All women in the OC groups (&amp;lt; 1 year, HR: 1.048; 95% CI: 1.028\u20131.069 and \u2265 1 year, HR: 1.100; 95% CI: 1.067\u20131.134) showed a higher risk of new migraine than those in the non-OC group.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The results of the current study indicate that childbirth, longer breastfeeding, and OC use may be associated with a higher risk of new migraine in middle-aged premenopausal women.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2024.1406443","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,11]],"date-time":"2024-06-11T17:03:23Z","timestamp":1718125403000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["The influence of factors associated with past reproductive histories on migraines in middle-aged premenopausal women: a nationwide population-based study in Republic of Korea"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Seonghoon","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seunghee","family":"Na","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Young-Do","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dae Woong","family":"Bae","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jae Young","family":"An","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeong Wook","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000225186.76323.69","article-title":"Age-dependent prevalence and clinical features of migraine","volume":"67","author":"Bigal","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1007\/s11910-010-0174-7","article-title":"Hormonal manipulation strategies in the management of menstrual migraine and other hormonally related headaches","volume":"11","author":"Shuster","year":"2011","journal-title":"Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4610.2006.00370.x","article-title":"Ovarian hormones and migraine headache: understanding mechanisms and pathogenesis--part 2","volume":"46","author":"Martin","year":"2006","journal-title":"Headache"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spen.2016.01.005","article-title":"Migraine and hormones","volume":"23","author":"Pakalnis","year":"2016","journal-title":"Semin Pediatr Neurol"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1097\/WCO.0000000000000091","article-title":"Migraine and estrogen","volume":"27","author":"Chai","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr Opin Neurol"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4610.2009.01438.x","article-title":"The effect of pregnancy and parity on headache prevalence: the head-HUNT study","volume":"49","author":"Aegidius","year":"2009","journal-title":"Headache"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-017-2906-9","article-title":"Treating migraine with contraceptives","volume":"38","author":"Allais","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurol Sci"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000196481.57994.09","article-title":"Oral contraceptives and increased headache prevalence: the head-HUNT study","volume":"66","author":"Aegidius","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1177\/2053369117731172","article-title":"Migraine, menopause and hormone replacement therapy","volume":"24","author":"MacGregor","year":"2018","journal-title":"Post Reprod Health"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1177\/03331024211044441","article-title":"The influence of endogenous and exogenous hormonal factors on migraine in spontaneous postmenopausal women: a nationwide population-based study in South Korea","volume":"42","author":"Kim","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cephalalgia"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"dyw253","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyw253","article-title":"Data resource profile: the National Health Information Database of the National Health Insurance Service in South Korea","volume":"46","author":"Cheol Seong","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1337","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3182535d20","article-title":"Evidence-based guideline update: pharmacologic treatment for episodic migraine prevention in adults: report of the quality standards Subcommittee of the American Academy of neurology and the American headache society","volume":"78","author":"Silberstein","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.34.3.188","article-title":"Migraine and non-migrainous headaches. A community survey in Jerusalem","volume":"34","author":"Abramson","year":"1980","journal-title":"J Epidemiol Community Health"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1526-4610.1999.3909625.x","article-title":"Longitudinal prospective study of headache during pregnancy and postpartum","volume":"39","author":"Marcus","year":"1999","journal-title":"Headache"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1186\/s10194-024-01712-7","article-title":"Health equity, care access and quality in headache \u2013 part 1","volume":"25","author":"Tana","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Headache Pain"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1186\/s10194-023-01699-7","article-title":"Health equity, care access and quality in headache \u2013 part 2","volume":"24","author":"Raffaelli","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Headache Pain"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1007\/s13760-014-0312-0","article-title":"The relationships between migraine, depression, anxiety, stress, and sleep disturbances","volume":"115","author":"Yalinay Dikmen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acta Neurol Belg"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"609715","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2020.609715","article-title":"Assessing Mothers' parenting stress: differences between one-and two-child families in China","volume":"11","author":"Qian","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1186\/s10194-021-01369-6","article-title":"Is there a causal relationship between stress and migraine? Current evidence and implications for management","volume":"22","author":"Stubberud","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Headache Pain"},{"key":"ref20","volume-title":"Sleep duration, quality of sleep, and use of sleep medication, by sex and family type, 2013\u20132014.","author":"Nugent","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1168","DOI":"10.1111\/aogs.13381","article-title":"Lifetime number of years of menstruation as a risk index for postmenopausal endometrial cancer in the Norwegian women and Cancer study","volume":"97","author":"Gavrilyuk","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1007\/s10549-007-9574-z","article-title":"Lifetime cumulative number of menstrual cycles and serum sex hormone levels in postmenopausal women","volume":"108","author":"Chavez-MacGregor","year":"2008","journal-title":"Breast Cancer Res Treat"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1097\/GRF.0000000000000239","article-title":"Breast Cancer epidemiology and risk factors","volume":"59","author":"Rojas","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)67063-8","article-title":"Endometrial cancer","volume":"366","author":"Amant","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e4031","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000004031","article-title":"Migraine and breast cancer risk: a meta-analysis of observational studies based on MOOSE compliant","volume":"95","author":"Wu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmi018","article-title":"Culture and symptom reporting at menopause","volume":"11","author":"Melby","year":"2005","journal-title":"Hum Reprod Update"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1468-2982.2003.00480.x","article-title":"Course of migraine during pregnancy and postpartum: a prospective study","volume":"23","author":"Sances","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cephalalgia"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1007\/s10194-011-0329-1","article-title":"Headache and migraine during pregnancy and puerperium: the MIGRA-study","volume":"12","author":"Kvisvik","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Headache Pain"},{"key":"ref29","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Birth statistics in 2020","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1186\/s13006-020-00347-z","article-title":"Association between breastfeeding and new mothers' sleep: a unique Australian time use study","volume":"16","author":"Smith","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int Breastfeed J"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.3949\/ccjm.84a.16033","article-title":"Combined hormonal contraceptives and migraine: an update on the evidence","volume":"84","author":"Calhoun","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cleve Clin J Med"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4610.1978.hed1706250.x","article-title":"A controlled study of the effect of oral contraceptives on migraine","volume":"17","author":"Ryan","year":"1978","journal-title":"Headache"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1468-2982.1995.015002140.x","article-title":"Sex-hormone-related events in migrainous females. A clinical comparative study between migraine with aura and migraine without aura","volume":"15","author":"Cupini","year":"1995","journal-title":"Cephalalgia"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1526-4610.2000.00027.x","article-title":"Predictability of exogenous hormone effect on subgroups of migraineurs","volume":"40","author":"Mueller","year":"2000","journal-title":"Headache"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4610.1993.hed3307385.x","article-title":"Migraine without aura and reproductive life events: a clinical epidemiological study in 1300 women","volume":"33","author":"Granella","year":"1993","journal-title":"Headache"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11113226","article-title":"Alternative insertion site of Nexplanon: description of a case report and systematic review of the literature","volume":"11","author":"Stabile","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1016\/s0015-0282(01)03225-3","article-title":"Effects of transdermal hormone replacement therapy on levels of soluble P-and E-selectin in postmenopausal healthy women","volume":"77","author":"Farzati","year":"2002","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1007\/s11916-012-0293-8","article-title":"Transdermal hormonal therapy in perimenstrual migraine: why, when and how?","volume":"16","author":"Tassorelli","year":"2012","journal-title":"Curr Pain Headache Rep"},{"key":"ref39","first-page":"76","article-title":"Effect of exogenous estrogens and progestogens on the course of migraine during reproductive age: a consensus statement by the European headache federation (EHF) and the European Society of Contraception and Reproductive Health (ESCRH)","volume-title":"J Headache Pain","author":"Sacco","year":"2018"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Neurology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fneur.2024.1406443\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,11]],"date-time":"2024-06-11T17:03:32Z","timestamp":1718125412000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fneur.2024.1406443\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,10]]},"references-count":39,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fneur.2024.1406443"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fneur.2024.1406443","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-2295"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-2295","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,10]]},"article-number":"1406443"}}