{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T11:20:33Z","timestamp":1793272833634,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,19]],"date-time":"2024-11-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1731974400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Neurol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) imaging can help clinicians pursue the differential diagnosis of various neurodegenerative diseases. It has become an invaluable diagnostic tool in routine clinical practice in conjunction with computed tomography (CT) imaging, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and biomarker studies. We present a single-institution case series and systematic literature review, showing how FDG-PET imaging has helped physicians diagnose neurodegenerative diseases and their mimickers and how patient care was amended. A single institution analysis and comprehensive literature search were completed following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. These medical subjects\u2019 headings (MeSH) terms were used: \u201cFDG-PET\u201d AND \u201cdementia\u201d OR \u201cAlzheimer\u2019s\u201d OR \u201cneurodegeneration\u201d OR \u201cfrontotemporal dementia\u201d OR \u201catypical parkinsonian syndrome\u201d OR \u201cprimary progressive aphasia\u201d OR \u201clewy body dementia.\u201d The inclusion criteria included studies with uncertain diagnoses of neurocognitive disease resolved with FDG-PET, PET\/MRI, or PET\/CT hybrid imaging. A literature search resulted in 3,976 articles. After considering inclusion and exclusion criteria, 14 case reports and 1 case series were selected, representing 19 patients. The average age of patients was 70.8\u2009years (range: 54\u201383\u2009years). Five of the 19 patients were females. Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) had the highest propensity for being misidentified as another neurodegenerative disease, followed by Alzheimer\u2019s disease (AD) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). Without accurate molecular imaging, neurodegenerative diseases may be missed or misdiagnosed. Our single-institution case series and literature review demonstrate how FDG-PET brain imaging can be used to correct and clarify preexisting clinical diagnoses of neurodegenerative disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2024.1428036","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,19]],"date-time":"2024-11-19T06:19:09Z","timestamp":1731997149000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Memories and mimics: unveiling the potential of FDG-PET in guiding therapeutic approaches for neurodegenerative cognitive disorders"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Brendan","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Sawicki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carolyn","family":"Habiger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul J.","family":"Mattis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marc L.","family":"Gordon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana M.","family":"Franceschi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luca","family":"Giliberto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurol.2022.03.006","article-title":"How to use neuroimaging biomarkers in the diagnosis framework of neurodegenerative diseases?","volume":"178","author":"Ch\u00e9telat","year":"2022","journal-title":"Rev Neurol (Paris)"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"951","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(20)30314-8","article-title":"Amyloid-PET and 18F-FDG-PET in the diagnostic investigation of Alzheimer\u2019s disease and other dementias","volume":"19","author":"Ch\u00e9telat","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2616","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awm177","article-title":"FDG-PET improves accuracy in distinguishing frontotemporal dementia and Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"130","author":"Foster","year":"2007","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2031","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000004643","article-title":"In vivo staging of regional amyloid deposition","volume":"89","author":"Grothe","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1097\/RLU.0000000000004251","article-title":"PET imaging of dementia: update 2022","volume":"47","author":"Burkett","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Nucl Med"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1286","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2019.2000","article-title":"Association of amyloid positron emission tomography with subsequent change in clinical management among Medicare beneficiaries with mild cognitive impairment or dementia","volume":"321","author":"Rabinovici","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1097\/WCO.0000000000001035","article-title":"Overview of tau PET molecular imaging","volume":"35","author":"Cassinelli Petersen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Curr Opin Neurol"},{"key":"ref8","author":"Kapoor","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e413","DOI":"10.1097\/RLU.0000000000000547","article-title":"Brain PET in the diagnosis of Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"39","author":"Marcus","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Nucl Med"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1186\/s12883-016-0647-7","article-title":"Applied multimodal diagnostics in a case of presenile dementia","volume":"16","author":"Sch\u00f6necker","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Neurol"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-180524","article-title":"Frontotemporal dementia misdiagnosed for post-treatment Lyme disease syndrome or vice versa? A Treviso dementia (TREDEM) registry case report","volume":"66","author":"Di Battista","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-181298","article-title":"Overlap between frontotemporal dementia and dementia with Lewy bodies: a Treviso dementia (TREDEM) registry case report","volume":"69","author":"Gallucci","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1186\/alzrt248","article-title":"Neuroimaging characteristics of dementia with Lewy bodies","volume":"6","author":"Mak","year":"2014","journal-title":"Alzheimers Res Ther"},{"key":"ref14","first-page":"233","article-title":"18F-FDG PET findings in frontotemporal dementia: an SPM analysis of 29 patients","volume":"46","author":"Jeong","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Nucl Med"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-019-1166-3","article-title":"FDG-PET in suspected dementia with Lewy bodies: a case report","volume":"19","author":"Suantio","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2017-221454","article-title":"Dementia with Lewy bodies presenting as probable epileptic seizure","volume":"2017","author":"Tun","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMJ Case Rep"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1007\/s13139-016-0394-0","article-title":"Brain (18) F-FDG, (18) F-Florbetaben PET\/CT, (123) I-FP-CIT SPECT and cardiac (123) I-MIBG imaging for diagnosis of a \u201ccerebral type\u201d of Lewy body disease","volume":"50","author":"Van Der Gucht","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nucl Med Mol Imaging"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2765","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radcr.2022.05.007","article-title":"Differential diagnosis of patients with atypical parkinsonian syndrome using F-FDG and F-FP CIT PET: a report of five cases","volume":"17","author":"Yoo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Radiol Case Rep"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"684","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2020.00684","article-title":"Case report: the role of neuropsychological assessment and imaging biomarkers in the early diagnosis of Lewy body dementia in a patient with major depression and prolonged alcohol and benzodiazepine dependence","volume":"11","author":"Bouter","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Psych"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1107","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-191290","article-title":"Anti-cholinergic derangement of cortical metabolism on 18F-FDG PET in a patient with frontotemporal lobar degeneration dementia: a case of the TREDEM registry","volume":"74","author":"Gallucci","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.2967\/jnmt.114.139295","article-title":"18F-FDG PET assessment of Lewy body dementia with cerebellar diaschisis","volume":"42","author":"Al-Faham","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Nucl Med Technol"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1426","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2014-307662","article-title":"Biomarkers in dementia: clinical utility and new directions","volume":"85","author":"Ahmed","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e18111","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0018111","article-title":"Combined evaluation of FDG-PET and MRI improves detection and differentiation of dementia","volume":"6","author":"Dukart","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2018.02.018","article-title":"NIA-AA research framework: toward a biological definition of Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"14","author":"Jack","year":"2018","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"648","DOI":"10.1212\/CON.0000000000001131","article-title":"Alzheimer disease","volume":"28","author":"McDade","year":"2022","journal-title":"Continuum (Minneap Minn)"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E45","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A8027","article-title":"Medicare coverage of amyloid PET: implications for clinical practice","volume":"44","author":"Ivanidze","year":"2023","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1553","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-023-06177-5","article-title":"FDA approval of lecanemab: the real start of widespread amyloid PET use? The EANM neuroimaging committee perspective","volume":"50","author":"Verger","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1186\/alzrt70","article-title":"PET amyloid imaging as a tool for early diagnosis and identifying patients at risk for progression to Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"3","author":"Pontecorvo","year":"2011","journal-title":"Alzheimers Res Ther"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.14283\/jpad.2023.30","article-title":"Lecanemab: appropriate use recommendations","volume":"10","author":"Cummings","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Prev Alzheimers Dis"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2020.12.004","article-title":"Imaging of tau pathology in neurodegenerative diseases: an update","volume":"51","author":"Beyer","year":"2021","journal-title":"Semin Nucl Med"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.119.236224","article-title":"Tau PET imaging with 18F-PI-2620 in patients with Alzheimer disease and healthy controls: a first-in-humans study","volume":"61","author":"Mueller","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Nucl Med"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics9020065","article-title":"The who, when, why, and how of PET amyloid imaging in Management of Alzheimer\u2019s disease-review of literature and interesting images","volume":"9","author":"Suppiah","year":"2019","journal-title":"Diagnostics (Basel)"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1007\/s13311-016-0474-y","article-title":"Amyloid imaging: poised for integration into medical practice","volume":"14","author":"Anand","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurotherapeutics"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1756286421998906","DOI":"10.1177\/1756286421998906","article-title":"Autoimmune encephalopathies presenting as dementia of subacute onset and rapid progression","volume":"14","author":"Banks","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ther Adv Neurol Disord"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0039-1678583","article-title":"Autoimmune Encephalitides and rapidly progressive dementias","volume":"39","author":"Wesley","year":"2019","journal-title":"Semin Neurol"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1038\/s41582-022-00659-0","article-title":"Rapidly progressive dementias \u2014 aetiologies, diagnosis and management","volume":"18","author":"Hermann","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurol"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2017.08.367","article-title":"Rapidly progressive dementia: an eight year (2008-2016) retrospective study","volume":"381","author":"Patil","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.2967\/jnmt.118.210237","article-title":"Current status of 18F-FDG PET brain imaging in patients with dementia","volume":"46","author":"Sarikaya","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Nucl Med Technol"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"804","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2018.09.006","article-title":"Management of diabetes mellitus before 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose PET\/CT: a nationwide patient-centered assessment of approaches to examination preparation","volume":"16","author":"Kaiser","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Am Coll Radiol"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20200810","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr.20200810","article-title":"Effect of metformin on 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose uptake and positron emission tomographic imaging","volume":"95","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Br J Radiol"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20170093","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr.20170093","article-title":"Factors influencing brown fat activation in FDG PET\/CT: a retrospective analysis of 15, 000+ cases","volume":"90","author":"Steinberg","year":"2017","journal-title":"Br J Radiol"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1097\/01.rlu.0000259570.69163.04","article-title":"Low-dose oral propranolol could reduce brown adipose tissue F-18 FDG uptake in patients undergoing PET scans","volume":"32","author":"Parysow","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Nucl Med"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-021-05603-w","article-title":"EANM procedure guidelines for brain PET imaging using [18F] FDG, version 3","volume":"49","author":"Guedj","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1515","DOI":"10.2165\/00003495-200666110-00015","article-title":"Memantine: a review of its use in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"66","author":"Robinson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"614643","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2020.614643","article-title":"Repositioning of Immunomodulators: a ray of Hope for Alzheimer\u2019s disease?","volume":"14","author":"Munaf\u00f2","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.181.2.1810359","article-title":"The cost of positron emission tomography in six United States veterans affairs hospitals and two academic medical centers","volume":"181","author":"Berger","year":"2003","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2031","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)03399-7","article-title":"Efficacy of rivastigmine in dementia with Lewy bodies: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled international study","volume":"356","author":"McKeith","year":"2000","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2212948","article-title":"Lecanemab in early Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"388","author":"van Dyck","year":"2023","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2023.13239","article-title":"Donanemab in early symptomatic Alzheimer disease: the TRAILBLAZER-ALZ 2 randomized clinical trial","volume":"330","author":"Sims","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref50","first-page":"239","article-title":"Z-score maps from low-dose 18F-FDG PET of the brain in neurodegenerative dementia","volume":"8","author":"F\u00e4llmar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Nucl Med Mol Imaging"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4314","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-31873-5","article-title":"Shared mechanisms across the major psychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases","volume":"13","author":"Wingo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1-15.e1-4","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2014.07.003","article-title":"The Centiloid project: standardizing quantitative amyloid plaque estimation by PET","volume":"11","author":"Klunk","year":"2015","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117593","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2020.117593","article-title":"Non-negative matrix factorisation improves Centiloid robustness in longitudinal studies","volume":"226","author":"Bourgeat","year":"2021","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm12101665","article-title":"Depressive Pseudodementia with reversible AD-like brain Hypometabolism: a case report and a review of the literature","volume":"12","author":"Pozzi","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Pers Med"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/965782","article-title":"Degenerative jargon aphasia: unusual progression of logopenic\/phonological progressive aphasia?","volume":"26","author":"Caffarra","year":"2013","journal-title":"Behav Neurol"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"699360","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2021.699360","article-title":"Additional value of 18F-FDOPA amino acid analog radiotracer to irradiation planning process of patients with glioblastoma Multiforme","volume":"11","author":"Sipos","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1093\/nop\/npaa065","article-title":"Maximizing the use of batch production of 18F-FDOPA for imaging of brain tumors to increase availability of hybrid PET\/MR imaging in clinical setting","volume":"8","author":"Aboian","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurooncol Pract"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.113.121418","article-title":"18F-FDOPA PET for differentiating recurrent or progressive brain metastatic tumors from late or delayed radiation injury after radiation treatment","volume":"55","author":"Lizarraga","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Nucl Med"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/cells9091941","article-title":"In vivo TSPO signal and Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"9","author":"Tournier","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-023-02869-9","article-title":"The mitochondrial protein TSPO in Alzheimer\u2019s disease: relation to the severity of AD pathology and the neuroinflammatory environment","volume":"20","author":"Garland","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"936","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.28984","article-title":"\u03b1-Synuclein radiotracer development and in vivo imaging: recent advancements and new perspectives","volume":"37","author":"Alzghool","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1186\/s12883-019-1311-9","article-title":"18F-FDG PET\/CT: an unexpected case of Huntington\u2019s disease","volume":"19","author":"Michels","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Neurol"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1080\/19336896.2019.1706703","article-title":"An enigmatic case of cortical anopsia: Antemortem diagnosis of a 14-3-3 negative Heidenhain-variant MM1-sCJD","volume":"14","author":"Obergassel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Prion"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102349","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2020.102349","article-title":"Unsuspected Alzheimer disease in a patient with multiple sclerosis and progressive aphasia","volume":"45","author":"Borrelli","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mult Scler Relat Disord"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Neurology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fneur.2024.1428036\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,19]],"date-time":"2024-11-19T06:19:15Z","timestamp":1731997155000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fneur.2024.1428036\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,19]]},"references-count":64,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fneur.2024.1428036"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fneur.2024.1428036","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-2295"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-2295","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,19]]},"article-number":"1428036"}}