{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T11:53:49Z","timestamp":1793361229191,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,29]],"date-time":"2024-10-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730160000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Neurol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>In cases of optic disc edema or a pale optic disc, distinguishing an episode of optic neuritis (ON) from that of non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION) during a clinical examination is challenging. Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) can reveal differences in peripapillary vascular network structures and provide biomarkers for differential diagnosis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 23 eyes with NAION, 22 eyes with demyelinating ON (DON), and 27 eyes from healthy participants were imaged using OCTA to observe the radial peripapillary capillaries (RPCs). Optical coherence tomography was used to measure peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness and the macular ganglion cell complex (mGCC). Data for all patients were recorded at 2\u20133\u2009weeks and more than 3\u2009months after the symptom onset.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 23 affected eyes from 23 patients with NAION (average age 52.17\u2009\u00b1\u20097.92\u2009years), 22 eyes from 22 patients with demyelinating optic neuritis (DON) (average age 47.88\u2009\u00b1\u200919.24\u2009years), and 27 eyes from 27 healthy individuals (average age 46.43\u2009\u00b1\u200914.08\u2009years) were included in the study. There were no significant differences in sex, age, and eye laterality between any two groups (<jats:italic>F<\/jats:italic> =\u20090.968, 0.475, 0.870; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;gt;\u20090.05). Throughout the course of NAION and DON, the superior RPC, superior mGCC, and peripapillary RNFL decreased with time (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt;\u20090.05). In contrast, the inferotemporal RPC and inferior mGCC did not decrease from the acute to chronic stage in NAION (<jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic> =\u20091.639, 0.834, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> =\u20090.117, 0.413). Compared with the normal group, patients with NAION and DON exhibited a sharp reduction in the average RPC, RNFL, and GCC from the acute to the chronic stage (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt;\u20090.05). Patients with DON exhibited a significant decrease in the inferotemporal RPC and inferior mGCC compared with the patients with NAION (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt;\u20090.05). In contrast, there were no significant differences in the inferior mGCC at the chronic stage between the patients with NAION and those with ON (<jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic> =\u20092.547, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> =\u20090.093).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Various structural and microvascular changes were observed in patients with NAION and ON, indicating distinct features of the optic nerve during the different stages of NAION and ON. Peripapillary vascular density, measured using spectral domain OCT (SD-OCT), may be a biomarker to distinguish NAION from ON.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2024.1432753","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,30]],"date-time":"2024-10-30T14:01:24Z","timestamp":1730296884000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Optical coherence tomography angiography of peripapillary vessel density in non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy and demyelinating optic neuritis"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Qing","family":"Xiao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chuan-bin","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhiqiong","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","volume-title":"Non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy","author":"Raizada","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3367","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.15983","article-title":"Non-demyelinating disorders mimicking and misdiagnosed as NMOSD: a literature review","volume":"30","author":"Zara","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1188542","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2023.1188542","article-title":"Deep learning system for distinguishing optic neuritis from non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy at acute phase based on fundus photographs","volume":"10","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Med"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.22336\/rjo.2023.20","article-title":"OCT and OCT-A biomarkers in multiple sclerosis - review","volume":"67","author":"Bostan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Rom J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aopr.2022.10.005","article-title":"Advances in swept-source optical coherence tomography and optical coherence tomography angiography","volume":"3","author":"Zheng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Adv Ophthalmol Pract Res"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1140770","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2023.1140770","article-title":"Detecting changes in the blood flow of the optic disk in patients with nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy via optical coherence tomography\u2013angiography","volume":"14","author":"Xiao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.3760\/cma.j.cn511434-20210806-00424","article-title":"Observation of the optic disc vessel density in the affected eye with non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy of different stages","volume":"37","author":"Xiao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474","article-title":"Optic neuritis","author":"Toosy","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.3760\/cma.j.cn112142-20201124-00769","article-title":"Evidence-based guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of demyelinating optic neuritis in China (2021)","volume":"57","year":"2021","journal-title":"Zhonghua Yan Ke Za Zhi"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e34823","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0034823","article-title":"The OSCARIB consensus criteria for retinal OCT quality assessment","volume":"7","author":"Tewarie","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000012125","article-title":"APOSTEL 2.0 recommendations for reporting quantitative optical coherence tomography studies","volume":"97","author":"Aytulun","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1029124","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1029124","article-title":"Retinal structural and microvascular changes in myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody disease and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder: an OCT\/OCTA study","volume":"14","author":"Lang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4874","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-021-10609-3","article-title":"Comparison of the retinal vascular network and structure in patients with optic neuritis associated with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein or aquaporin-4 antibodies: an optical coherence tomography angiography study","volume":"268","author":"Yu","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2020.00035","article-title":"The detection of retina microvascular density in subclinical aquaporin-4 antibody seropositive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders","volume":"11","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100007","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aopr.2021.100007","article-title":"A comparative study of alteration in retinal layer segmentation alteration by SD-OCT in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"1","author":"Fu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adv Ophthalmol Pract Res"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10040609","article-title":"Optical coherence tomography angiography of peripapillary vessel density in multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder: a comparative study","volume":"10","author":"Rogaczewska","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3010631","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/3010631","article-title":"Peripapillary and macular flow changes in nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION) by optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A)","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.62.4.42","article-title":"Follow-up of nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy with optical coherence tomography angiography","volume":"62","author":"Augstburger","year":"2021","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1097\/WNO.0000000000000775","article-title":"Optical coherence tomography angiography of a pale optic disc in demyelinating optic neuritis and ischemic optic neuropathy","volume":"39","author":"Fard","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Neuroophthalmol"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2235","DOI":"10.1002\/acn3.51473","article-title":"Optical coherence tomography in multiple sclerosis: a 3-year prospective multicenter study","volume":"8","author":"Paul","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann Clin Transl Neurol"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.24487","article-title":"Optical coherence tomography reflects brain atrophy in multiple sclerosis: a four-year study","volume":"78","author":"Saidha","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e596","DOI":"10.1212\/NXI.0000000000000596","article-title":"Relationship between retinal inner nuclear layer, age, and disease activity in progressive MS","volume":"6","author":"Cellerino","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1097\/WNO.0000000000001925","article-title":"Vessel density features of optical coherence tomography angiography for classification of optic neuropathies using machine learning","volume":"44","author":"Jalili","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Neuroophthalmol"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Neurology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fneur.2024.1432753\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,30]],"date-time":"2024-10-30T14:01:28Z","timestamp":1730296888000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fneur.2024.1432753\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,29]]},"references-count":23,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fneur.2024.1432753"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fneur.2024.1432753","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-2295"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-2295","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,29]]},"article-number":"1432753"}}