{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,21]],"date-time":"2026-02-21T00:09:32Z","timestamp":1771632572812,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,24]],"date-time":"2024-12-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734998400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Neurol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To investigate the effect of diffusivity metrics of magnetic resonance diffusion tensor imaging (MR-DTI) in the assessment of treatment effects.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>MR-DTI examination for trigeminal neuralgia (TN) patients and the diffusivity metrics of the trigeminal ganglion (TG) were analyzed. Before and after the percutaneous stereotactic radiofrequency rhizotomy (PSR) operation, the treatment effect was assessed using pain scores and MR-DTI. The correlation between the diffusivity metrics of cranial nerve five (CNV) and visual analog scale (VAS) pain scores before and after treatment in TN patients was explored.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In PSR patients, the fractional anisotropy (FA) of the affected TG is a significantly lower than that of the unaffected side (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u202f&amp;lt;\u202f0.01). After PSR, the diffusivity metrics on the bilateral TGs are not significantly different (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u202f&amp;gt;\u202f0.05). Following PSR treatment, both of the diffusivity metrics (FA) in the lowest area of the CNV and the VAS scores of TN patients show changes. Furthermore, diffusivity metric (FA) on the lowest area of the CNV preoperative is significantly negatively correlated with the VAS scores (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u202f&amp;lt;\u202f0.05).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>MR-DTI is capable of investigating the longitudinal changes of FA before and after radiofrequency treatment, and diffusivity metrics could be an independent reliable efficacy indicator for TN.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Significance<\/jats:title><jats:p>The alteration of the diffusivity on TG may be correlated with the effect of radiofrequency treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2024.1453431","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,24]],"date-time":"2024-12-24T05:11:22Z","timestamp":1735017082000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["A novel potential measurement indicator with objective and quantitative effect for trigeminal neuralgia: fractional anisotropy in MR-DTI"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Zhongshuai","family":"Ma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xu","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhengming","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhijia","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chao","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"784","DOI":"10.1016\/s1474-4422(20)30233-7","article-title":"Advances in diagnosis, classification, pathophysiology, and management of Trigeminal Neuralgia","volume":"19","author":"Bendtsen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.4103\/ajns.AJNS_67_14","article-title":"Trigeminal Neuralgia","volume":"12","author":"Yadav","year":"2017","journal-title":"Asian J Neurosurg"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1111\/papr.12986","article-title":"Air-to-air meeting technique in radiofrequency Thermocoagulation of trigeminal neuralgia: a case report","volume":"21","author":"Du","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pain Pract"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1551","DOI":"10.1093\/pm\/pny262","article-title":"Unconventional facial entry points confirmed using a 3d Ct reconstruction-guided stereotactic approach to radiofrequency Thermocoagulation for the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia: a series of case reports","volume":"20","author":"Guo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pain Med"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1704","DOI":"10.1093\/pm\/pnv108","article-title":"Stereotactic approach combined with 3d Ct reconstruction for difficult-to-access foramen Ovale on radiofrequency Thermocoagulation of the Gasserian ganglion for trigeminal neuralgia","volume":"17","author":"Guo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pain Med"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1227\/ons.0000000000000169","article-title":"Identifying a novel critical access difficulty factor in percutaneous radiofrequency Rhizotomy for trigeminal neuralgia: pterygoid process ridge","volume":"22","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Oper Neurosurg"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2021.10939","article-title":"Radiofrequency Thermocoagulation for the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia","volume":"23","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Exp Ther Med"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nec.2016.02.005","article-title":"Percutaneous procedures for the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia","volume":"27","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurosurg Clin N Am"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2013.08.029","article-title":"Abnormal trigeminal nerve microstructure and brain white matter in idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia","volume":"155","author":"DeSouza","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2357","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2011.06.029","article-title":"Structural abnormalities of the trigeminal root revealed by diffusion tensor imaging in patients with trigeminal neuralgia caused by neurovascular compression: a prospective, double-blind, controlled study","volume":"152","author":"Leal","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mri.2020.05.006","article-title":"Diffusion tensor imaging reveals microstructural alteration of the trigeminal nerve root in classical trigeminal neuralgia without neurovascular compression and correlation with outcome after internal neurolysis","volume":"71","author":"Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Magn Reson Imaging"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1988926","DOI":"10.1155\/2023\/1988926","article-title":"Effects of the Mr-Dti characteristics of the trigeminal ganglion target on radiofrequency treatment in patients with trigeminal neuralgia: a retrospective observational clinical study","volume":"2023","author":"Su","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pain Res Manag"},{"key":"ref13","first-page":"67","article-title":"High-resolution line scan diffusion tensor MR imaging of white matter Fiber tract anatomy","volume":"23","author":"Mamata","year":"2002","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/s0720-048x(02)00328-5","article-title":"Mr diffusion tensor imaging: recent advance and new techniques for diffusion tensor visualization","volume":"46","author":"Masutani","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eur J Radiol"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1016\/s0006-3495(94)80775-1","article-title":"Mr diffusion tensor spectroscopy and imaging","volume":"66","author":"Basser","year":"1994","journal-title":"Biophys J"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000002023","article-title":"Trigeminal neuralgia diffusivities using Gaussian process classification and merged group tractography","volume":"162","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mri.2017.12.033","article-title":"7.0 tesla MRI tractography in patients with trigeminal neuralgia","volume":"54","author":"Moon","year":"2018","journal-title":"Magn Reson Imaging"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2019.11.130","article-title":"Neuroanatomical determinants of secondary trigeminal neuralgia: application of 7t ultra-high-field multimodal magnetic resonance imaging","volume":"137","author":"Arrighi-Allisan","year":"2020","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e4427","DOI":"10.1002\/nbm.4427","article-title":"High spatial resolution nerve-specific DTI protocol outperforms whole-brain DTI protocol for imaging the trigeminal nerve in healthy individuals","volume":"34","author":"Danyluk","year":"2021","journal-title":"NMR Biomed"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1112","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000000156","article-title":"Reversal of insular and microstructural nerve abnormalities following effective surgical treatment for trigeminal neuralgia","volume":"156","author":"DeSouza","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1484","DOI":"10.3171\/2014.2.Jns131288","article-title":"Atrophic changes in the trigeminal nerves of patients with trigeminal neuralgia due to neurovascular compression and their association with the severity of compression and clinical outcomes","volume":"120","author":"Leal","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1790","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000002164","article-title":"Brainstem trigeminal Fiber microstructural abnormalities are associated with treatment response across subtypes of trigeminal neuralgia","volume":"162","author":"Tohyama","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.3171\/2019.4.Jns19380","article-title":"Temporal disconnection between pain relief and trigeminal nerve microstructural changes after gamma knife radiosurgery for trigeminal neuralgia","volume":"133","author":"Hung","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1127","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(74)90884-8","article-title":"Measurement of pain","volume":"304","author":"Huskisson","year":"1974","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S240","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.20543","article-title":"Measures of adult pain: visual analog scale for pain (vas pain), numeric rating scale for pain (Nrs pain), Mcgill pain questionnaire (Mpq), short-form Mcgill pain questionnaire (sf-Mpq), chronic pain grade scale (Cpgs), short Form-36 bodily pain scale (Sf-36 bps), and measure of intermittent and constant osteoarthritis pain (Icoap)","volume":"63","author":"Hawker","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1073","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2010.08.016","article-title":"Studies comparing numerical rating scales, verbal rating scales, and visual analogue scales for assessment of pain intensity in adults: a systematic literature review","volume":"41","author":"Hjermstad","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Pain Symptom Manag"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e088","DOI":"10.5435\/JAAOSGlobal-D-17-00088","article-title":"Validation of digital visual analog scale pain scoring with a traditional paper-based visual analog scale in adults","volume":"2","author":"Delgado","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Am Acad Orthopaedic Surg Global Res Rev"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1381","DOI":"10.1111\/head.12190","article-title":"Editorial: international classification of headache disorders, 3rd edition beta version","volume":"53","author":"Tepper","year":"2013","journal-title":"Headache"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102160","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2019.102160","article-title":"Anatomical assessment of trigeminal nerve Tractography using diffusion MRI: a comparison of acquisition B-values and single- and multi-Fiber tracking strategies","volume":"25","author":"Xie","year":"2020","journal-title":"NeuroImage Clin"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117063","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2020.117063","article-title":"Creation of a novel trigeminal Tractography atlas for automated trigeminal nerve identification","volume":"220","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"ref31","first-page":"237","article-title":"Gasserian ganglion: appearance on contrast-enhanced Mr","volume":"17","author":"Downs","year":"1996","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1097\/rct.0000000000001185","article-title":"Meckel cave: an anatomical study using magnetic resonance imaging","volume":"45","author":"Tsutsumi","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Comput Assist Tomogr"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1551","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-022-05160-7","article-title":"Morphology of the trigeminal ganglion: anatomical structures related to trigeminal radiofrequency rhizotomy","volume":"164","author":"Sayaci","year":"2022","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.193.1.8090884","article-title":"Trigeminal nerve and ganglion in the Meckel cave: appearance at CT and MR imaging","volume":"193","author":"Rubinstein","year":"1994","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9235","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-59828-4","article-title":"A novel Indicator to predict the outcome of percutaneous stereotactic radiofrequency Rhizotomy for trigeminal neuralgia patients: diffusivity metrics of MR-DTI","volume":"14","author":"Su","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e220","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2021.06.086","article-title":"Diffusivity metrics three months after upfront gamma knife radiosurgery for trigeminal neuralgia may be correlated with pain relief","volume":"153","author":"Pikis","year":"2021","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1186\/s12883-019-1295-5","article-title":"Diffusion tensor imaging for assessment of microstructural changes associate with treatment outcome at one-year after radiofrequency Rhizotomy in trigeminal neuralgia","volume":"19","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Neurol"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.3171\/2019.4.Jns19299","article-title":"Diffusion tensor imaging reveals microstructural differences between subtypes of trigeminal neuralgia","volume":"133","author":"Willsey","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1993","DOI":"10.3171\/2019.2.Jns183008","article-title":"Diffusivity parameters of diffusion tensor imaging and apparent diffusion coefficient as imaging markers for predicting the treatment response of patients with trigeminal neuralgia","volume":"132","author":"Lee","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1093\/neuros\/nyab292","article-title":"Classifier using pontine radial diffusivity and symptom duration accurately predicts recurrence of trigeminal neuralgia after microvascular decompression: a pilot study and algorithm description","volume":"89","author":"Willsey","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-020-07193-x","article-title":"Evaluation of trigeminal nerve Tractography using two-fold-accelerated simultaneous multi-slice readout-segmented Echo planar diffusion tensor imaging","volume":"31","author":"Koh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1186\/s10194-020-01205-3","article-title":"Gray and white matter abnormalities in primary trigeminal neuralgia with and without neurovascular compression","volume":"21","author":"Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Headache Pain"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1186\/s10194-020-01126-1","article-title":"Microstructural changes in the trigeminal nerve of patients with episodic migraine assessed using magnetic resonance imaging","volume":"21","author":"Mungoven","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Headache Pain"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-6123(09)17532-5","article-title":"MRI of neuronal network structure, function, and plasticity","volume-title":"Neurotherapy: Progress in restorative neuroscience and neurology","author":"Voss","year":"2009"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1186\/s12868-021-00681-w","article-title":"Longitudinal alterations of the Cisternal segment of trigeminal nerve and brain pain-matrix regions in patients with trigeminal neuralgia before and after treatment","volume":"22","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Neurosci"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1007\/s11916-021-00957-0","article-title":"Recent advances of magnetic resonance neuroimaging in trigeminal neuralgia","volume":"25","author":"Zeng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr Pain Headache Rep"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Neurology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fneur.2024.1453431\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,24]],"date-time":"2024-12-24T05:11:27Z","timestamp":1735017087000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fneur.2024.1453431\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,24]]},"references-count":46,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fneur.2024.1453431"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fneur.2024.1453431","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-2295"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-2295","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,24]]},"article-number":"1453431"}}