{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T14:35:40Z","timestamp":1787063740588,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,11]],"date-time":"2024-09-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1726012800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Neurol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This case study examined long-term cognitive deficits after botulism. Only a very limited number of studies on post-acute cognitive impairment after botulism exist, and data are incomplete.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A semi-structured interview on long-term cognitive consequences of botulism was conducted for six family members, who contracted the infection after ingestion of lumpfish-roe 2.5\u2009years ago. Two of the family members underwent neuropsychological assessment of attention, memory, and executive functioning as well.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Finding<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Results of the semi-structured interviews showed individual subjective cognitive deficits across processing speed, attention, concentration, short-and long-term memory, and executive functioning. Test results showed mild cognitive impairment in attention and mild\u2013moderate deficits in executive functioning.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These results support previous findings that patients of various infectious diseases may suffer unspecific long-term neurocognitive deficits. Assessment and initiation of relevant post-acute treatment and rehabilitation might be central to prognosis, functional ability, and psychological well-being.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2024.1453653","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,11]],"date-time":"2024-09-11T00:23:42Z","timestamp":1726014222000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Neurocognitive deficits after botulism: a clinical case series study"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Laura","family":"Rosenqvist","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charlotte","family":"Sandvei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sigurdur","family":"Skarphedinsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","volume-title":"Annual Epidemiological Report for 2020","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref2","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins12080509","article-title":"Foodborne botulism: clinical diagnosis and medical treatment","volume":"12","author":"Lonati","year":"2020","journal-title":"Toxins"},{"key":"ref4","volume-title":"Neue Beobachtungen \u00fcber die in W\u00fcrttemberg so h\u00e4ufig vorfallenden t\u00f6dlichen Vergiftungen durch den Genuss ger\u00e4ucherter W\u00fcrste","author":"Kerner","year":"1820"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2205251","DOI":"10.1080\/21505594.2023.2205251","article-title":"Pathogenicity and virulence of Clostridium botulinum","volume":"14","author":"Rawson","year":"2023","journal-title":"Virulence"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0207448","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0207448","article-title":"Brain functional changes in patients with botulism after illegal cosmetic injections of botulinum toxin: a resting-state fMRI study","volume":"13","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1980.00500590081014","article-title":"Botulism and memory","volume":"37","author":"Haaland","year":"1980","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9681(87)90171-8","article-title":"A new method of classifying prognostic comorbidity in longitudinal studies: development and validation","volume":"40","author":"Charlson","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Chronic Dis"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3968","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.16027","article-title":"What do we mean by long COVID? 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