{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T18:17:48Z","timestamp":1789755468524,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,17]],"date-time":"2024-09-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1726531200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Neurol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Congenital deafness is a pathological entity that represents an economical and social burden, affecting up to 0.2% of newborns in Europe. Sensorineural hearing loss (SHL) is caused by a variety of factors, including congenital abnormalities, perinatal infectious diseases and genetic syndromes. The inner ear\u2019s vestibular system, nestled alongside the auditory organs, is crucial for balance maintenance. Its close connection with the auditory system means that disturbances in one often coincide with disturbances in the other, highlighting their intertwined functions. With this review we aim to describe objective vestibular tests found in literature and to study their use for diagnosis of vestibular disturbances in patients affected by congenital deafness.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The review is conducted with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) 2020 guidelines. The search string used was: <jats:italic>[(congenital deafness) OR (congenital hearing loss) OR (congenital hypoacusia)] AND [(vestibular disorders) OR (vertigo)]<\/jats:italic>. An initial abstract reading selection was made, and a subsequent comprehensive full-text reading. For each article, we identified the type of vestibular test utilized and its corresponding outcome.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Out of the initial\u2014papers identified through the search string\u2014articles met the eligibility criteria for further analysis through abstract and full-text reading. After further selection\u2014articles were chosen for detailed examination, focusing on the data of patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Congenital hearing loss profoundly affects a child\u2019s development, especially in language and communication skills, and it is frequently associated with a pathological vestibular system. Early identification allows timely intervention with personalized therapies. In current literature, there is still no gold standard test to identify balance disorders in patients with congenital hearing loss. There is considerable variability on the subject due to the inclusion of diverse patients with various diagnoses, alongside a wide range of available technologies. Managing such conditions necessitates collaboration among healthcare providers, ensuring comprehensive care through prompt diagnosis and personalized treatment plans. Ongoing research aims to further improve screening methods and develop precision medicine approaches tailored to individual needs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2024.1463234","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,18]],"date-time":"2024-09-18T12:50:57Z","timestamp":1726663857000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Congenital deafness and vestibular disorders: a systematic literature review"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Elisabetta","family":"Genovese","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erika","family":"Segato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlotta","family":"Liberale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erica","family":"Zampieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniele","family":"Monzani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Enrico","family":"Apa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvia","family":"Palma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Riccardo","family":"Nocini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e11207","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.11207","article-title":"Prevalence and risk factors for hearing loss in neonates admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit: a hospital study","volume":"12","author":"Hardani","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e76","DOI":"10.1002\/cpz1.76","article-title":"Congenital deafness and recent advances towards restoring hearing loss","volume":"1","author":"Renauld","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr Protoc"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16094","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2016.94","article-title":"Congenital hearing loss","volume":"3","author":"Korver","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primer"},{"key":"ref4","article-title":"Vestibular dysfunction","volume-title":"StatPearls","author":"Dougherty","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.3238\/arztebl.2020.0300","article-title":"Vestibular disorders","volume":"117","author":"Strupp","year":"2020","journal-title":"Dtsch \u00c4rztebl Int"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD015089.pub2","article-title":"Head impulse, nystagmus, and test of skew examination for diagnosing central causes of acute vestibular syndrome","volume":"2023","author":"Gottlieb","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e40080","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.40080","article-title":"Comprehensive normative data for objective vestibular tests","volume":"15","author":"Narayana Swamy","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.4236\/ijohns.2015.43030","article-title":"Association between hearing loss and vestibular disorders: a review of the interference of hearing in the balance","volume":"4","author":"Santos","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Otolaryngol Head Amp Neck Surg"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1080\/14992020802331222","article-title":"Vestibular failure in children with congenital deafness","volume":"47","author":"Kaga","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int J Audiol"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1007\/s40136-017-0163-3","article-title":"Diagnosis and treatment of congenital sensorineural hearing loss","volume":"5","author":"Chari","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr Otorhinolaryngol Rep"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E4","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.101.1.e4","article-title":"Newborn hearing screening: the great omission","volume":"101","author":"Mehl","year":"1998","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"782","DOI":"10.3766\/jaaa.24.9.3","article-title":"Relationship between postural stability and spatial hearing","volume":"24","author":"Zhong","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Am Acad Audiol"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arcped.2024.02.006","article-title":"Guidelines of the French society of otorhinolaryngology and head and neck surgery (SFORL) for vestibular rehabilitation in children with vestibular dysfunction. A systematic review","volume":"31","author":"Reynard","year":"2024","journal-title":"Arch Pediatr Organe Off Soc Francaise Pediatr"},{"key":"ref14","first-page":"14","article-title":"Update 2015: pediatric vestibular, balance, and hearing disorders","volume":"22","author":"Beck","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hear Rev"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1080\/00016480500312562","article-title":"Vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials in cochlear implant children","volume":"126","author":"Jin","year":"2006","journal-title":"Acta Otolaryngol"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"740","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.20121","article-title":"Disturbance of vestibular function attributable to cochlear implantation in children","volume":"119","author":"Licameli","year":"2009","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2017.00095","article-title":"Discovering the unexpected with the utilization of NGS in diagnostics of non-syndromic hearing loss disorders: the family case of ILDR1-dependent hearing loss disorder","volume":"8","author":"Kova\u010d","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Genet"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2909","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-022-04495-8","article-title":"Predictors of cochleovestibular dysfunction in children with congenital cytomegalovirus infection","volume":"181","author":"Chebib","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108134","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heares.2020.108134","article-title":"Impact of the sensory environment on balance in children with bilateral cochleovestibular loss","volume":"400","author":"Wolter","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hear Res"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1349554","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2024.1349554","article-title":"Vestibular assessment in children with sensorineural hearing loss: diagnostic accuracy and proposal for a diagnostic algorithm","volume":"15","author":"Gerdsen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.3109\/00016486009123146","article-title":"Unilateral total deafness in children clinical problems with a special view to vestibular function","volume":"52","author":"Everberg","year":"1960","journal-title":"Acta Otolaryngol"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"648","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.1977.00780280048006","article-title":"Vestibular findings in 25 patients with Waardenburg\u2019s syndrome","volume":"103","author":"Hageman","year":"1977","journal-title":"Arch Otolaryngol"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1177\/019459988209000517","article-title":"Congenital deafness and episodic Vertigo","volume":"90","author":"Karmody","year":"1982","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Neck Surg."},{"key":"ref24","first-page":"909","article-title":"Unilateral cystic inner ear anomaly in siblings","volume":"54","author":"Nishioka","year":"1982","journal-title":"Otolaryngology"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"938","DOI":"10.1288\/00005537-198307000-00018","article-title":"Congenital rubella syndrome: function of equilibrium of 80 cases with deafness","volume":"93","author":"Nishida","year":"1983","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.3109\/00016488309130928","article-title":"Recurrent meningitis, congenital anacusis and Mondini anomaly","volume":"95","author":"Elverland","year":"1983","journal-title":"Acta Otolaryngol"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1177\/000348948409300613","article-title":"Vestibular and auditory function in Usher\u2019s syndrome","volume":"93","author":"Kumar","year":"1984","journal-title":"Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-5876(84)80014-2","article-title":"Waardenburg\u2019s syndrome: a case report with CT scanning and cochleovestibular evaluation","volume":"7","author":"Schweitzer","year":"1984","journal-title":"Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"951","DOI":"10.1288\/00005537-198508000-00014","article-title":"A clinical pathologic study of hearing loss in congenital cytomegalovirus infection","volume":"95","author":"Strauss","year":"1985","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1177\/000348949110000609","article-title":"Postural compensation in children with congenital or early acquired bilateral vestibular loss","volume":"100","author":"Enbom","year":"1991","journal-title":"Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022215100120067","article-title":"Audiological, vestibular and radiological abnormalities in Kallman\u2019s syndrome","volume":"106","author":"Hill","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Laryngol Otol"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.1320590319","article-title":"Clinical findings in obligate carriers of type I usher syndrome","volume":"59","author":"Wagenaar","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Med Genet"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-5876(94)01081-8","article-title":"The usher syndrome type 2A: clinical findings in obligate carriers","volume":"31","author":"Van Aarem","year":"1995","journal-title":"Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0420.1996.tb00387.x","article-title":"A syndrome with retinitis pigmentosa, progressive hearing impairment, vestibular dysfunction, and congenital cataract","volume":"74","author":"Rosenberg","year":"1996","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol Scand Suppl"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.1996.01890210073016","article-title":"Audiovestibular findings in patients with deafness caused by a mitochondrial susceptibility mutation and precipitated by an inherited nuclear mutation or aminoglycosides","volume":"122","author":"Braverman","year":"1996","journal-title":"Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/S0194-5998(96)70139-0","article-title":"Vestibular deficits in deaf children","volume":"115","author":"Selz","year":"1996","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Neck Surg"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"730","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-199905000-00010","article-title":"Clinical evidence for dystrophin dysfunction as a cause of hearing loss in locus DFN4","volume":"109","author":"Pfister","year":"1999","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1177\/000348949910800209","article-title":"Patients with CHARGE association: a model to study saccular function in the human","volume":"108","author":"Guyot","year":"1999","journal-title":"Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1159\/000027646","article-title":"Vestibular evoked myogenic potentials in patients with bilateral profound hearing loss","volume":"61","author":"Ozeki","year":"1999","journal-title":"ORL J Oto-Rhino-Laryngol Its Relat Spec"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.3109\/14992020309078339","article-title":"Neuro-otological findings in Pendred syndrome","volume":"42","author":"Luxon","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int J Audiol"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-5955(04)00018-8","article-title":"Vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials in three patients with large vestibular aqueduct","volume":"190","author":"Sheykholeslami","year":"2004","journal-title":"Hear Res"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-004-0807-z","article-title":"An office procedure to detect vestibular loss in children with hearing impairment","volume":"262","author":"M\u00e4ki-Torkko","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur Arch Otorrinolaringol"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1177\/000348940511400414","article-title":"Hereditary congenital unilateral deafness: a new disorder?","volume":"114","author":"Dikkers","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1177\/08830738060210071501","article-title":"Congenital and compensated vestibular dysfunction in childhood: an overlooked entity","volume":"21","author":"Weiss","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Child Neurol"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1002\/humu.20478","article-title":"Truncating mutation of the DFNB59 gene causes cochlear hearing impairment and central vestibular dysfunction","volume":"28","author":"Ebermann","year":"2007","journal-title":"Hum Mutat"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2062","DOI":"10.1097\/MLG.0b013e31818208ad","article-title":"Delineating the hearing loss in children with enlarged vestibular aqueduct","volume":"118","author":"Zhou","year":"2008","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2009.12.017","article-title":"Homozygosity mapping reveals mutations of GRXCR1 as a cause of autosomal-recessive nonsyndromic hearing impairment","volume":"86","author":"Schraders","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"990","DOI":"10.3109\/00016481003596508","article-title":"Vestibular function of patients with profound deafness related to GJB2 mutation","volume":"130","author":"Kasai","year":"2010","journal-title":"Acta Otolaryngol"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"919","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2011.04.006","article-title":"The effect of saccular function on static balance ability of profound hearing-impaired children","volume":"75","author":"Jafari","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S109","DOI":"10.3109\/00016489.2012.662714","article-title":"Enlarged vestibular aqueduct may precipitate benign paroxysmal positional vertigo in children","volume":"132","author":"Song","year":"2012","journal-title":"Acta Otolaryngol"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.3109\/1651386X.2012.686165","article-title":"Is gross motor delay secondary to bilateral vestibular hypofunction in Jervell and Lange-Nielsen syndrome?","volume":"10","author":"Kulkarni","year":"2012","journal-title":"Audiol Med"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1159\/000356303","article-title":"Audiometric characteristics of a Dutch family with a new mutation in GATA3 causing HDR syndrome","volume":"19","author":"van Beelen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Audiol Neurootol"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e37","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000000037","article-title":"Clinical uses of cervical vestibular-evoked myogenic potential testing in pediatric patients","volume":"93","author":"Zhou","year":"2014","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2007","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2014.08.030","article-title":"Middle and inner ear malformations in two siblings exposed to valproic acid during pregnancy: a case report","volume":"78","author":"Van Houtte","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.4081\/audiores.2015.120","article-title":"Nystagmus in enlarged vestibular aqueduct: a case series","volume":"5","author":"White","year":"2015","journal-title":"Audiol Res."},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e887","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2015-0908","article-title":"Vestibular disorders in children with congenital cytomegalovirus infection","volume":"136","author":"Bernard","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4209","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-016-4137-8","article-title":"Assessing residual vestibular function in adults with congenital hearing loss","volume":"273","author":"Lin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur Arch Oto-Rhino-Laryngol Off J Eur Fed Oto-Rhino-Laryngol Soc EUFOS Affil Ger Soc Oto-Rhino-Laryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1111\/cge.12895","article-title":"The combination of vestibular impairment and congenital sensorineural hearing loss predisposes patients to ocular anomalies, including usher syndrome","volume":"92","author":"Kletke","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Genet"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599817715235","article-title":"Usher\u2019s syndrome type II: a comparative study of genetic mutations and vestibular system evaluation","volume":"157","author":"Magliulo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Neck Surg."},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1038\/s41431-017-0066-2","article-title":"Bi-allelic inactivating variants in the COCH gene cause autosomal recessive prelingual hearing impairment","volume":"26","author":"JanssensdeVarebeke","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur J Hum Genet EJHG"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1111\/cge.13368","article-title":"Further audiovestibular characterization of DFNB77, caused by deleterious variants in LOXHD1, and investigation into the involvement of Fuchs corneal dystrophy","volume":"94","author":"Wesdorp","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Genet"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0000000000001685","article-title":"Vestibular function and gross motor development in 195 children with congenital hearing loss - assessment of inner ear malformations","volume":"39","author":"Kimura","year":"2018","journal-title":"Otol Neurotol"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e636","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0000000000002244","article-title":"Episodic vestibular symptoms in children with a congenital cytomegalovirus infection: a case series","volume":"40","author":"Dhondt","year":"2019","journal-title":"Otol Neurotol Off Publ Am Otol Soc Am Neurotol Soc Eur Acad Otol Neurotol"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0038-1649491","article-title":"The relationship between the etiology of profound Prelingual sensorineural hearing loss and the results of vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials","volume":"23","author":"Takeuti","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int Arch Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2019.07.015","article-title":"Vestibular testing in children with severe-to-profound hearing loss","volume":"125","author":"Kotait","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.4103\/indianjotol.INDIANJOTOL_11_19","article-title":"Vestibular evaluation in patients with congenital profound hearing loss using ice cold water caloric test and rotational chair test","volume":"26","author":"Dehadaray","year":"2020","journal-title":"Indian J Otol"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.15561","article-title":"Identical twins affected by congenital cytomegalovirus infections showed different audio-vestibular profiles","volume":"110","author":"Lazar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr Oslo Nor"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"NP18","DOI":"10.1177\/1120672119879392","article-title":"Novel USH1G homozygous variant underlying USH2-like phenotype of usher syndrome","volume":"31","author":"D\u2019Esposito","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"714543","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2021.714543","article-title":"Peripheral vestibular dysfunction is a common occurrence in children with non-syndromic and syndromic genetic hearing loss","volume":"12","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e20193945","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2019-3945","article-title":"Vestibular, gaze, and balance disorders in asymptomatic congenital cytomegalovirus infection","volume":"147","author":"Pinninti","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111303","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2022.111303","article-title":"Comparison of vestibular ocular reflex and gross motor development in children with semicircular canal aplasia and hypoplasia","volume":"162","author":"Kimura","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2021055340","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2021-055340","article-title":"Three years of vestibular infant screening in infants with sensorineural hearing loss","volume":"150","author":"Martens","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100552","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xocr.2023.100552","article-title":"Endolymphatic hydrops and fluctuating hearing loss in a patient with congenital cytomegalovirus infection","volume":"28","author":"Grijpink","year":"2023","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Case Rep"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.3390\/genes14020457","article-title":"Genotype and phenotype analyses of a novel WFS1 variant (c.2512C>T p.(Pro838Ser)) associated with DFNA6\/14\/38","volume":"14","author":"Velde","year":"2023","journal-title":"Genes"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3141","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-022-07816-7","article-title":"Long-term outcome of vestibular function and hearing in children with congenital cytomegalovirus infection: a prospective cohort study","volume":"280","author":"Kokkola","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur Arch Otorrinolaringol"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.3390\/audiolres13040052","article-title":"X-linked gusher disease DFNX2 in children, a rare inner ear dysplasia with mixed hearing and vestibular loss","volume":"13","author":"Dasgupta","year":"2023","journal-title":"Audiol Res"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Neurology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fneur.2024.1463234\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,18]],"date-time":"2024-09-18T12:50:57Z","timestamp":1726663857000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fneur.2024.1463234\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,17]]},"references-count":76,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fneur.2024.1463234"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fneur.2024.1463234","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-2295"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-2295","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,17]]},"article-number":"1463234"}}