{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T12:56:37Z","timestamp":1791377797269,"version":"4.3.2"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,13]],"date-time":"2024-12-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734048000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Neurol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Disorders of consciousness (DoC) from severe brain injuries have significant impacts. However, further research on nuanced biomarkers is needed to fully understand the condition. This study employed resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) and the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) to investigate differential brain activity in patients with DoC following spinal cord stimulation (SCS) therapy. It also assessed the predictive value of rs-fMRI and ALFF in determining the consciousness levels at 3\u202fmonths post-therapy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We analyzed rs-fMRI data from 31 patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) and 22 with non-traumatic brain injury (non-TBI) diagnosed with DoC. ALFF was measured before SCS therapy, and clinical outcomes were assessed 3\u202fmonths later using the Coma Recovery Scale-Revised.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients with TBI showed increased ALFF in the thalamus and anterior cingulate cortex, whereas the middle occipital lobe showed decreased ALFF. In the non-TBI group, a higher ALFF was noted in the precuneus, with a reduced ALFF in the occipital and temporal lobes. Patients with improved consciousness post-SCS exhibited distinct ALFF patterns compared with those with unchanged consciousness, particularly in the posterior cingulate and occipital regions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The application of ALFF in rs-fMRI may be a predictive tool for post-treatment outcomes in patients with DoC of varying etiologies. Differential ALFF in specific brain regions could indicate the likelihood of improvement in consciousness following SCS therapy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Clinical trial registration<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:uri>https:\/\/www.chictr.org.cn\/<\/jats:uri>, Identifier ChiCTR2300069756.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2024.1477596","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,13]],"date-time":"2024-12-13T14:41:47Z","timestamp":1734100907000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Differential brain activity in patients with disorders of consciousness: a 3-month rs-fMRI study using amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Xuewei","family":"Qin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuanling","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lan","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fa","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhenhu","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianghong","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiangyang","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoli","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(04)00852-X","article-title":"Brain 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