{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T03:16:17Z","timestamp":1792466177308,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,19]],"date-time":"2024-11-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1731974400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Neurol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Whether minimally invasive endoscopic surgery (ES) improves survival and functional outcome in people with spontaneous supratentorial intracerebral hemorrhage (SSICH) is unknown.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This is a single-center pilot study performed between July 2021 to January 2023. Any supratentorial hematoma with a volume between 20\u2009mL and 100\u2009mL was endoscopically evacuated within 24\u2009h after bleeding onset. Participants were followed-up for 6\u2009months, assessing clinical and radiological outcomes. The primary feasibility outcome was satisfactory hematoma removal (&amp;lt;15\u2009mL residual volume on the first postinterventional CT study) and the primary efficacy outcome was reaching a modified Rankin Scale 0\u20133 (mRS) at 6\u2009months. Secondary outcomes were mortality and morbidity rates.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Ten participants (median age 72.5\u2009years [IQR 67\u201381], 70% male, median baseline hematoma volume 34.1 [IQR 25.5\u201358.0]) were included. Satisfactory hematoma evacuation was achieved in 70% (7\/10) with a median evacuation percentage of 69.5% [IQR 45.3\u201393.9%]. The median duration of surgery was 91\u2009min [IQR 73\u2013111]. Favorable outcome at 6\u2009months was observed in 60% of the participants and improved from within 24\u2009h before the intervention to the last follow-up (6\u2009months). Five participants (50%) experienced a total of six complications, two recurrent bleedings, three pneumonias and one epilepsy. Mortality rate was 30%, while one participant died from pneumonia, one from a recurrent bleeding, and one participant due to a glioblastoma.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>ES appears to be feasible, with satisfactory hematoma removal being achieved in the majority of participants. Based on the descriptive results of this pilot trial, a national multicenter RCT comparing ES to best medical treatment is currently ongoing<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Clinical trial registration<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:ext-link>https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/<\/jats:ext-link>, identifier NCT05681988.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2024.1484255","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,19]],"date-time":"2024-11-19T06:15:34Z","timestamp":1731996934000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Early minimally invasive image-guided eNdoscopic evacuation of iNTracerebral hemorrhage: a phase II pilot trial"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Tim 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