{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,2]],"date-time":"2026-11-02T17:06:38Z","timestamp":1793639198113,"version":"4.5.1"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,19]],"date-time":"2024-12-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734566400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82401555"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82401555"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004147","name":"Tsinghua University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20219990033"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20219990033"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004147","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Neurol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate the association between cerebral small vessel disease burden, along with its individual imaging features, as well as other imaging features and early neurological deterioration in isolated pontine infarction.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>107 patients with acute isolated pontine infarcts, within 24\u202fh of symptom onset, were retrospectively analyzed. The mean age of the participants was 67\u202fyears. The burden of cerebral small vessel disease on brain MRI was assessed, including white matter hyperintensities (WMH), lacunes, cerebral microbleeds (CMB), and enlarged perivascular spaces (EPVS) for each patient. Additionally, other imaging biomarkers including basilar artery plaque features on high-resolution MR vessel wall imaging and intracranial artery stenosis were evaluated simutaneously. END was defined as an increase of \u22651 point on the motor component of the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) or an increase of \u22652 points on the total NIHSS score within 72\u202fh of admission. Statistical analyses were performed using t-tests, chi-square tests, and logistic regression.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      33.6% (36\/107) of the patients experienced END. The END group exhibited a higher prevalence of hyperlipidemia compared to the non-END group (66.7% vs. 43.7%,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f0.024). Over 50% of the mechanisms of infarction can be attributed to basilar artery branch disease in both groups, with 58.3% in the END group and 50.7% in the non-END group. In a multivariate regression analysis, neither the total burden of cerebral small vessel disease nor the presence of WMH, CMB, lacunes, or EPVS were significantly associated with END (all\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f&amp;gt;\u202f0.05). However, basilar artery intraplaque hemorrhage observed on vessel wall imaging was independently associated with END (OR\u202f=\u202f3.233, 95% CI 1.032\u201310.123,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f0.044).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>No association was found between the imaging features of cerebral small vessel disease and END in patients with isolated pontine infarction. However, basilar artery intraplaque hemorrhage serve as an independent predictor of END in this population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2024.1492166","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,19]],"date-time":"2024-12-19T11:25:45Z","timestamp":1734607545000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Imaging biomarker associated with early neurological deterioration in isolated pontine infarction"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Xiaowei","family":"Song","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Feifei","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Duoduo","family":"Hou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongliang","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chenming","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Le","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhuoma","family":"Pengmao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jian","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3607","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-023-06837-2","article-title":"Neuroimaging markers of early neurological deterioration in acute isolated pontine infarction","volume":"44","author":"Yang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neurol Sci"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2661","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000012661","article-title":"Early neurologic deterioration in lacunar stroke","volume":"97","author":"Vynckier","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-005-0639-9","article-title":"Aetiopathogenesis and long-term outcome of isolated pontine infarcts","volume":"252","author":"Vemmos","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"822","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(13)70124-8","article-title":"Neuroimaging standards for research into small vessel disease and its contribution to ageing and neurodegeneration","volume":"12","author":"Wardlaw","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.3988\/jcn.2017.13.2.187","article-title":"Total cerebral small-vessel disease score is associated with mortality during follow-up after acute ischemic stroke","volume":"13","author":"Song","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Clin Neurol"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2260","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000004042","article-title":"Total small vessel disease score and risk of recurrent stroke","volume":"88","author":"Lau","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1080\/00207454.2016.1214825","article-title":"Correlation study between small vessel disease and early neurological deterioration in patients with mild\/moderate acute ischemic stroke","volume":"127","author":"Chen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Neurosci"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1159\/000448888","article-title":"Severe white matter Hyperintensity is associated with early neurological deterioration in patients with isolated pontine infarction","volume":"76","author":"Nam","year":"2016","journal-title":"Psychiatr Neurol"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1111\/cns.13778","article-title":"Impaired dynamic cerebral autoregulation is associated with the severity of neuroimaging features of cerebral small vessel disease","volume":"28","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"CNS Drug Rev"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1228","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000000837","article-title":"Stroke subtype, vascular risk factors, and total MRI brain small-vessel disease burden","volume":"83","author":"Staals","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurol Genet"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.149.2.351","article-title":"MR signal abnormalities at 1.5 T in Alzheimer's dementia and normal aging","volume":"149","author":"Fazekas","year":"1987","journal-title":"Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.1038\/s41440-020-0411-7","article-title":"Associations between systemic blood pressure parameters and intraplaque hemorrhage in symptomatic intracranial atherosclerosis: a high-resolution MRI-based study","volume":"43","author":"Song","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hypertens Res"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci12050520","article-title":"Site and mechanism of recurrent pontine infarction: a hospital-based follow-up study","volume":"12","author":"Wu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Brain Sci"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e527","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000011208","article-title":"Cerebral small vessel disease MRI features do not improve the prediction of stroke outcome","volume":"96","author":"Coutureau","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurol Genet"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2018.04.003","article-title":"Cerebral small vessel disease and risk of incident stroke, dementia and depression, and all-cause mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"90","author":"Rensma","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1024","DOI":"10.1111\/cns.14071","article-title":"Small vessel disease burden predicts functional outcomes in patients with acute ischemic stroke using machine learning","volume":"29","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"CNS Drug Rev"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1159\/000530371","article-title":"Culprit plaques of large parent arteries, rather than cerebral small vessel disease, contribute to early neurological deterioration in stroke patients with intracranial branch atheromatous disease","volume":"53","author":"Men","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cerebrovas Dis"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.119.027239","article-title":"Predictors of early neurologic deterioration in acute pontine infarction","volume":"51","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1177\/23969873211072956","article-title":"Apparent diffusion coefficient signature of ischemic tissue predicts neurological progression in isolated pontine infarcts","volume":"7","author":"Oge","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur Stroke J"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Neurology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fneur.2024.1492166\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,19]],"date-time":"2024-12-19T11:25:48Z","timestamp":1734607548000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fneur.2024.1492166\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,19]]},"references-count":19,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fneur.2024.1492166"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fneur.2024.1492166","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-2295"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-2295","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,19]]},"article-number":"1492166"}}