{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T16:06:47Z","timestamp":1753891607187,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,18]],"date-time":"2024-11-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1731888000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Neurol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Perilymphatic fistula (PLF) is a challenging inner ear condition, characterized by the abnormal connection between inner and middle ear and subsequent leakage of inner ear liquid (perilymph) into the middle ear. Early surgical intervention for PLF might lead to favorable audiological and vestibular outcomes. The conventional reference standard of PLF detection is the intraoperative visualization of perilymph leakage during explorative tympanotomy or endoscopic inspection; the specificity and sensitivity of this method is unknown. Systematic reviews assessing the accuracy of diagnostic tests for PLF are not available.<\/jats:p><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To systematically review the literature for qualitative evidence exploring the diagnostic tests for the PLF diagnosis. The proposed systematic review will answer the following question: What is the accuracy of diagnostic tests in detecting perilymphatic fistula in humans?<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Eligibility criteria: original peer-reviewed articles regarding studies on humans of any age containing data with diagnostic test accuracy estimation (sensitivity and specificity) for PLF diagnosis or in which diagnostic test accuracy could be calculated based on data provided, without language, study design or study date limits. MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Scopus, and Web of Science will be searched for eligible articles. Additional manual searches will be performed. Covidence software will be used for title and abstract screening, full text review and data extraction. The risk of bias assessment will be conducted using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Test Accuracy 2 (QUADAS-2) tool. If two or more high-quality articles evaluating the same diagnostic test will be identified, their findings will be quantitatively synthesized; if a quantitative synthesis is not feasible, the results will be described in a narrative summary. Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations (GRADE) framework will be used to evaluate evidence strength. Study funded by Oslo University Hospital.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2024.1500780","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,18]],"date-time":"2024-11-18T06:13:57Z","timestamp":1731910437000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Accuracy of diagnostic tests for perilymphatic fistula: protocol for a systematic review"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Maksym","family":"Situkho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tetsuo","family":"Ikezono","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marte","family":"Myhrum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arne Kirkhorn","family":"R\u00f8dvik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yukihide","family":"Maeda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Han","family":"Matsuda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Masafumi","family":"Sawada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Greg Eigner","family":"Jablonski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1159\/000485579","article-title":"Diagnosis and treatment of Perilymphatic Fistula","volume":"81","author":"Deveze","year":"2018","journal-title":"Adv Otorhinolaryngol"},{"volume-title":"Perilymphatic Fistula","year":"2023","author":"Furhad","key":"ref2"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1046","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2020.01046","article-title":"Perilymphatic Fistula: a review of classification, etiology, diagnosis, and treatment","volume":"11","author":"Sarna","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.1992.01880070017003","article-title":"Perilymph fistulas: clinical criteria","volume":"118","author":"Kohut","year":"1992","journal-title":"Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1080\/00016489.2016.1213419","article-title":"Diagnostic criteria of barotraumatic perilymph fistula based on clinical manifestations","volume":"137","author":"Choi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta Otolaryngol"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.3757\/jser.72.215","article-title":"The perilymphatic fistula: new diagnostic criteria and clinical characteristics","volume":"72","author":"Ikezono","year":"2013","journal-title":"Equilib Res"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S53","DOI":"10.1080\/00016489.2017.1300940","article-title":"A nationwide multicenter study of the Cochlin Tomo-protein detection test: clinical characteristics of perilymphatic fistula cases","volume":"137","author":"Matsuda","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta Otolaryngol"},{"key":"ref8","first-page":"162","article-title":"Perilymphatic fistula","volume":"121","author":"M\u00f8ller","year":"2001","journal-title":"Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022215120000948","article-title":"Exploratory tympanotomy in sudden sensorineural hearing loss for the identification of a perilymphatic fistula - retrospective analysis and review of the literature","volume":"134","author":"Heilen","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Laryngol Otol"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.32187\/neurotraumatology.45.1_12","article-title":"A case of perilymphatic fistula accompanied with traumatic brain injury","volume":"45","author":"Goda","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neurotraumatology"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e36106","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.36106","article-title":"Penetrating trauma-induced Perilymphatic Fistula: a case report and literature review","volume":"15","author":"Nakajima","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1007\/s13244-016-0490-9","article-title":"Post traumatic deafness: a pictorial review of CT and MRI findings","volume":"7","author":"Maillot","year":"2016","journal-title":"Insights Imaging"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1258\/0022215053945723","article-title":"Otic barotrauma from air travel","volume":"119","author":"Mirza","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Laryngol Otol"},{"key":"ref14","first-page":"66","article-title":"Perilymphatic fistula in cabin attendants: an incapacitating consequence of flying with common cold","volume":"76","author":"Klokker","year":"2005","journal-title":"Aviat Space Environ Med"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.27867","article-title":"SCUBA medicine for otolaryngologists: part I. Diving into SCUBA physiology and injury prevention","volume":"130","author":"Mallen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1093\/occmed\/kqp148","article-title":"Vestibular effects of diving \u2014 a 6-year prospective study","volume":"60","author":"Goplen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Occup Med (Lond)"},{"key":"ref17","first-page":"5","article-title":"Labyrinthine fistulae caused by cholesteatoma. Improved bone conduction by treatment","volume":"10","author":"Kobayashi","year":"1989","journal-title":"Am J Otol"},{"key":"ref18","first-page":"410","article-title":"Management of labyrinthine fistulae secondary to cholesteatoma","volume":"17","author":"Herzog","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Otol"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/9476915","article-title":"A case of Perilymphatic Fistula with inner ear anomaly diagnosed preoperatively by the Cochlin-Tomoprotein detection test","volume":"2020","author":"Lee","year":"2020","journal-title":"Case Rep Otolaryngol"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599811423523","article-title":"Revision stapes surgery","volume":"146","author":"\u00d6z\u00fcer","year":"2012","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1525","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci13111525","article-title":"Objective assessment of Perilymphatic Fistula in cases of postoperative Vertigo after Cochlear implantation by Cochlin Tomoprotein (CTP)","volume":"13","author":"Todt","year":"2023","journal-title":"Brain Sci"},{"volume-title":"Effects of diving on hearing and balance","year":"2011","author":"Goplen","key":"ref22"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1246","DOI":"10.36740\/WLek202305217","article-title":"Fluctuating hearing loss as a symptom of acquired perilymphatic fistula (PLF) under external injuries factor","volume":"76","author":"Sherbul","year":"2023","journal-title":"Wiad Lek"},{"year":"2014","key":"ref24"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e356","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0000000000002160","article-title":"Surgical outcomes on hearing and vestibular symptoms in Barotraumatic Perilymphatic Fistula","volume":"40","author":"Ahn","year":"2019","journal-title":"Otol Neurotol"},{"key":"ref26","first-page":"422","article-title":"Testing for perilymphatic fistula based on Hennebert's sign and Tullio phenomenon","volume":"1","author":"McNeill","year":"1994","journal-title":"Aust J Otolaryngol"},{"key":"ref27","first-page":"208","article-title":"The assessment and management of inner ear barotrauma in divers and recommendations for returning to diving","volume":"44","author":"Elliott","year":"2014","journal-title":"Diving Hyperb Med"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0b013e3182a43639","article-title":"Perilymph fistula presenting with contralateral symptoms","volume":"35","author":"Hermann","year":"2014","journal-title":"Otol Neurotol"},{"key":"ref29","first-page":"146","article-title":"Electrocochleography in the diagnosis of perilymphatic fistula: intraoperative observations and assessment of a new diagnostic office procedure","volume":"13","author":"Gibson","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am J Otol"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.5152\/iao.2023.22771","article-title":"Barotrauma-induced perilymph Fistula: video head impulse test and high-resolution temporal bones computed tomography role in evaluation and FollowUp","volume":"19","author":"Gutkovich","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Int Adv Otol"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1097\/00129492-199201000-00012","article-title":"Platform pressure test in identification of perilymphatic fistula","volume":"13","author":"Shepard","year":"1992","journal-title":"Otol Neurotol"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1148","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.2020190023","article-title":"Temporal bone trauma: typical CT and MRI appearances and important points for evaluation","volume":"40","author":"Kurihara","year":"2020","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0b013e3181fc74d0","article-title":"\u03b2-Trace protein as a diagnostic marker for perilymphatic fluid fistula: a prospective controlled pilot study to test a sample collection technique","volume":"32","author":"Bachmann-Harildstad","year":"2011","journal-title":"Otol Neurotol"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-199602000-00010","article-title":"Beta-2 transferrin: limitations of use as a clinical marker for perilymph","volume":"106","author":"Levenson","year":"1996","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2014.01.029","article-title":"Beta-trace protein in pediatric otitis media with effusion","volume":"78","author":"Bachmann-Harildstad","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1159\/000241097","article-title":"The performance of Cochlin-tomoprotein detection test in the diagnosis of perilymphatic fistula","volume":"15","author":"Ikezono","year":"2010","journal-title":"Audiol Neurootol"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1498","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0191498","article-title":"The diagnostic performance of a novel ELISA for human CTP (Cochlin-tomoprotein) to detect perilymph leakage","volume":"13","author":"Ikezono","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjoto.2018.01.015","article-title":"Surgical indications or inclusion\/exclusion criteria of explorative tympanotomy on sudden sensorineural hearing","volume":"39","author":"Lou","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Otolaryngol"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjoto.2017.10.006","article-title":"The role of explorative tympanotomy in patients with sudden sensorineural hearing loss with and without perilymphatic fistula","volume":"39","author":"Prenzler","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Otolaryngol"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.3109\/00016489409127559","article-title":"Perilymph Fistula: concept, diagnosis and management","volume":"114","author":"Nomura","year":"1994","journal-title":"Acta Otolaryngol Suppl"},{"key":"ref41","first-page":"26","article-title":"Two cases of Barotraumatic perilymph Fistula mimicking atypical benign paroxysmal positional Vertigo with sudden hearing loss","volume":"14","author":"Lee","year":"2015","journal-title":"Res Vestib Sci"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1058","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0000000000003716","article-title":"Presentation, management, and hearing outcomes of labyrinthine Fistula secondary to cholesteatoma: a systematic review and Meta-analysis","volume":"43","author":"Tomasoni","year":"2022","journal-title":"Otol Neurotol"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.5152\/iao.2018.4336","article-title":"Sneezing and Perilymphatic Fistula of the round window: case report and systematic review of the literature","volume":"14","author":"Comacchio","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Int Adv Otol"},{"year":"2023","author":"Leeflang","key":"ref44"},{"year":"2010","author":"Deeks","key":"ref45"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2017.19163","article-title":"Preferred reporting items for a systematic review and Meta-analysis of diagnostic test accuracy studies: the PRISMA-DTA statement","volume":"319","author":"McInnes","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/2046-4053-4-1","article-title":"Preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis protocols (PRISMA-P) 2015 statement","volume":"4","author":"Moher","year":"2015","journal-title":"Syst Rev"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.MR000022.pub3","article-title":"Search strategies to identify diagnostic accuracy studies in MEDLINE and EMBASE","volume":"2013","author":"Beynon","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-155-8-201110180-00009","article-title":"QUADAS-2: a revised tool for the quality assessment of diagnostic accuracy studies","volume":"155","author":"Whiting","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.20506\/rst.40.1.3224","article-title":"Bayesian latent class analysis when the reference test is imperfect","volume":"40","author":"Cheung","year":"2021","journal-title":"Rev Sci Tech"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2010.07.015","article-title":"GRADE guidelines: 3. Rating the quality of evidence","volume":"64","author":"Balshem","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-658-27602-7_3","article-title":"Ethical considerations of conducting systematic reviews in educational research","volume-title":"Systematic reviews in educational research: Methodology, perspectives and application","author":"Suri","year":"2020"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Neurology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fneur.2024.1500780\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,18]],"date-time":"2024-11-18T06:14:04Z","timestamp":1731910444000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fneur.2024.1500780\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,18]]},"references-count":52,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fneur.2024.1500780"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fneur.2024.1500780","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-2295"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1664-2295"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,18]]},"article-number":"1500780"}}