{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T11:28:44Z","timestamp":1784201324172,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,23]],"date-time":"2025-01-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1737590400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Neurol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>The cause of late-onset first epileptic seizures (LOFES) in older age is often not readily evident. In absence of probable causes, it has been suggested that cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD), which is common with increasing age, may be crucial. We aimed to further investigate the impact of white matter lesion (WML) burden and distribution pattern on LOFES.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We retrospectively compared structural MRI of LOFES patients (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u202f=\u202f39) aged 60\u202fyears or older to controls with a transient ischemic attack (TIA, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u202f=\u202f38) and to patient controls (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u202f=\u202f35). WML segmentation was performed on FLAIR images using the SPM based automated lesion prediction algorithm of the LST toolbox and careful manual adjustment. Further, a dichotomization of WML was achieved by use of the BIANCA masking function. A voxel-based morphometry (VBM) analysis was additionally performed on T1 weighted sequences using the automated SPM12 based CAT12 software.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Comparing intrapersonal volume ratios adjusted for the effects of gender and age, we found that the WML distribution was shifted to the juxtacortical compartment in LOFES patients. Among several influencing variables a path analysis could additionally show that this juxtacortical weighting of WML was a significant predictor for LOFES (<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\u202f=\u202f0.509, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u202f&amp;lt;\u202f0.001). With regard to total WML volume, LOFES and TIA patients did not differ significantly. Compared to TIA group, LOFES patients gray matter volume was regionally decreased in the right pre- and postcentral gyrus.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Significance<\/jats:title><jats:p>By using algorithm-based automated lesion segmentation software tools and VBM analysis we could highlight that a juxtacortical weighting of WML distribution and regionally decreased gray matter volume distinguished LOFES from TIA and PC groups in our sample.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2024.1508663","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,23]],"date-time":"2025-01-23T07:01:10Z","timestamp":1737615670000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Late-onset first epileptic seizure and cerebral small vessel disease: role of juxtacortical white matter lesions"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Adrian","family":"Nasca","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leo","family":"Sokolovi\u010d","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oliver","family":"Koprda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick","family":"Haage","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thorsten","family":"Schmidt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juraj","family":"Kukolja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.2014.25","article-title":"Late-onset epilepsy and occult cerebrovascular disease","volume":"34","author":"Gibson","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Cereb Blood Flow Metab"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2012.07.009","article-title":"Prevalence and subtypes of radiological cerebrovascular disease in late-onset isolated seizures and epilepsy","volume":"115","author":"Maxwell","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Neurol Neurosurg"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"870","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000003662","article-title":"Predictors of incident epilepsy in older adults: the cardiovascular health study","volume":"88","author":"Choi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2006.00554.x","article-title":"Incidence and predictors of seizures in patients with Alzheimer's disease","volume":"47","author":"Amatniek","year":"2006","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2017.12.016","article-title":"Epilepsy in an elderly population: classification, etiology and drug resistance","volume":"140","author":"Hern\u00e1ndez-Ronquillo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Epilepsy Res"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2015.07.016","article-title":"Structural and physiological MRI correlates of occult cerebrovascular disease in late-onset epilepsy","volume":"9","author":"Hanby","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuroimage Clin"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(05)70141-1","article-title":"The age-dependent relation of blood pressure to cognitive function and dementia","volume":"4","author":"Qiu","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2008.02.049","article-title":"Diabetes and other vascular risk factors for dementia: which factor matters most? 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