{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T00:57:36Z","timestamp":1792803456668,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,9]],"date-time":"2025-05-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746748800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Neurol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a long-term, progressive neurological condition that affects the myelin sheath of nerve cells in the central nervous system. Mental health concerns are often overlooked in individuals with MS, stemming from various aspects of the illness, such as its inherent characteristics and symptoms. The present research aimed to examine the impact of Leventhal self-regulation training on stress, anxiety, and depression in MS patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The current study was conducted as a randomized educational trial of 60 women referred to the MS Association in Arak City in 2024. The study implemented self-regulation training via the Leventhal model, which consisted of an initial face-to-face session to provide basic knowledge, eight offline sessions, and two online group sessions. The data were input into SPSS 26 software. Chi-square tests and Fisher\u2019s exact tests were utilized, independent t-tests, and Mann\u2013Whitney\u2019s nonparametric equivalent. A repeated measures analysis of variance was conducted to assess the changes over three time points. Additionally, the Bonferroni <jats:italic>post hoc<\/jats:italic> correction was utilized. In the present study, data collection consisted of two parts: the demographic information form and the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS) questionnaire. The Iranian registry Clinical Trial code (IRCT) is IRCT20220703055351N3.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Result<\/jats:title><jats:p>The findings of this research indicated that there were no disparities in anxiety (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u202f=\u202f0.072), stress (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u202f=\u202f0.067), or depression (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u202f=\u202f0.170) between the control and experimental groups before the intervention. The mean (\u00b1 standard deviation) anxiety, stress, and depression scores of the experimental group changed from 4.89 (4.34), 8.55 (5.57), and 6.82 (4.26) to 1.96 (2.48), 4.93 (4.55), and 4.37 (3.73) after the intervention, respectively (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u202f&amp;lt;\u202f0.05).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Recent research has shown that training based on the Leventhal model is effective in reducing stress, anxiety, and depression in MS patients. Additionally, the results showed that the ability of Leventhal training to improve depression was stable for one month.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Clinical trial registration<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:uri>https:\/\/irct.behdasht.gov.ir\/<\/jats:uri>, IRCT20220703055351N3.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2025.1521112","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,9]],"date-time":"2025-05-09T05:29:57Z","timestamp":1746768597000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["The effects of Leventhal\u2019s self-regulation model-based educational intervention on stress, anxiety, and depression in women with multiple sclerosis: a randomized educational trial"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Mahsa","family":"Hosseini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Soheila","family":"Shamsikhani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Jadidi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatemeh","family":"Rafiei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1622","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)30481-1","article-title":"Multiple sclerosis","volume":"391","author":"Thompson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref2","first-page":"1816","volume-title":"Rising prevalence of multiple sclerosis worldwide: Insights from the atlas of MS","author":"Walton","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-021-05750-w","article-title":"Prevalence of multiple sclerosis (MS) in Iran: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"43","author":"Mirmosayyeb","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neurol Sci"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm11101006","article-title":"What can we learn from sex differences in MS?","volume":"11","author":"Coyle","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Pers Med"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1186\/s12883-022-02609-1","article-title":"Epidemiology of familial multiple sclerosis in Iran: a national registry-based study","volume":"22","author":"Salehi","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Neurol"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1007\/s40120-021-00240-9","article-title":"Patient and provider insights into the impact of multiple sclerosis on mental health: a narrative review","volume":"10","author":"Davis","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurol Ther"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2022-329806","article-title":"Psychiatric symptoms in multiple sclerosis: a biological perspective on synaptic and network dysfunction","volume":"94","author":"Menculini","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-010-0438-7","article-title":"Treatment options of cognitive impairment in multiple sclerosis","volume":"31","author":"Patti","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurol Sci"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2377-13-16","article-title":"Mental comorbidity and multiple sclerosis: validating administrative data to support population-based surveillance","volume":"13","author":"Marrie","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Neurol"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102815","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2021.102815","article-title":"Multiple sclerosis and aging: comorbidity and treatment challenges","volume":"50","author":"Ostolaza","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mult Scler Relat Disord"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-020-02579-z","article-title":"Prevalence of anxiety, depression, and stress in patients with multiple sclerosis in Kermanshah-Iran: a cross-sectional study","volume":"20","author":"Karimi","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2020.00851","article-title":"Comorbidity in multiple sclerosis","volume":"11","author":"Magyari","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100484","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2022.100484","article-title":"Prevalence of depression and anxiety in the different clinical forms of multiple sclerosis and associations with disability: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"24","author":"Peres","year":"2022","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun Health."},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104922","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2023.104922","article-title":"The prevalence of depression and anxiety among Iranian people with multiple sclerosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"78","author":"Shafiee","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mult Scler Relat Disord"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111375","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2023.111375","article-title":"The bidirectional effect of stress and functionality in multiple sclerosis and the interaction role of anxiety, coping and social support","volume":"170","author":"Briones-Buixassa","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Psychosom Res"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100162","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2020.100162","article-title":"Depression and anxiety in patients with multiple sclerosis treated with interferon-beta or fingolimod: role of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase and pro-inflammatory cytokines","volume":"9","author":"Tauil","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun Health"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1097\/MRR.0b013e32834ad479","article-title":"Quality of life in patients with multiple sclerosis: the impact of depression, fatigue, and disability","volume":"34","author":"G\u00f6ksel Karatepe","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Rehabil Res"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1007\/s40263-018-0489-5","article-title":"Depression in multiple sclerosis: epidemiology, etiology","volume":"32","author":"Solaro","year":"2018","journal-title":"Diagnosis Treatment CNS Drugs"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0258740","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0258740","article-title":"How I see is how I feel. Identification of illness perception schema and its association with adaptation outcomes in multiple sclerosis - a 5-year prospective study","volume":"16","author":"R\u00f3\u017cycka","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2015.10.006","article-title":"Illness perceptions and coping in physical health conditions: a meta-analysis","volume":"79","author":"Dempster","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Psychosom Res"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.22100\/jkh.v8i1.40","article-title":"Promotion of illness perception and it is aspects in a multiple sclerosis (MS) peer support groups","volume":"8","author":"Maryam","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Knowledge Health"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4302","DOI":"10.1007\/s10943-022-01594-6","article-title":"The effect of religious-spiritual psychotherapy on illness perception and inner strength among patients with breast Cancer in Iran","volume":"61","author":"Davari","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Relig Health"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18147522","article-title":"Psychoeducation improved illness perception and expressed emotion of family caregivers of patients with schizophrenia","volume":"18","author":"Budiono","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctcp.2018.11.012","article-title":"The effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy on the illness perception and psychological symptoms in patients with rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"34","author":"Dalili","year":"2019","journal-title":"Complement Ther Clin Pract"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1111\/psyg.12367","article-title":"Randomized controlled study on the effectiveness of animal-assisted therapy on depression, anxiety, and illness perception in institutionalized elderly","volume":"19","author":"Ambrosi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Psychogeriatrics"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1080\/17437199.2021.1878050","article-title":"The common sense model of illness self-regulation: a conceptual review and proposed extended model","volume":"16","author":"Hagger","year":"2022","journal-title":"Health Psychol Rev"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.64.1.147","article-title":"Body consciousness, illness-related impairment, and patient adherence in hemodialysis","volume":"64","author":"Christensen","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Consult Clin Psychol"},{"key":"ref28","first-page":"7","article-title":"The common sense representation of illness danger","author":"Leventhal","year":"1980","journal-title":"Contrib Med Psychol"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1547-5069.2001.00053.x","article-title":"Application of Leventhal's self-regulation model to Chinese immigrants with type 2 diabetes","volume":"33","author":"Jayne","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Nurs Scholarsh"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1007\/s10194-008-0072-4","article-title":"Mental turmoil, suicide risk, illness perception, and temperament, and their impact on quality of life in chronic daily headache","volume":"9","author":"De Filippis","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Headache Pain"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"736","DOI":"10.2337\/dc09-1229","article-title":"Factors related to perceived diabetes control are not related to actual glucose control for minority patients with diabetes","volume":"33","author":"McAndrew","year":"2010","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"ref32","first-page":"111","article-title":"Effect of Leventhal\u2019s self-regulatory model on illness perception in women with gestational diabetes: a randomized controlled clinical trial","volume":"29","author":"Khodaparast","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Mazandaran Univ Med Sci"},{"key":"ref33","article-title":"Create a blocked randomization list. Obtenido de sealed Envelope","author":"Envelope","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)07683-3","article-title":"Generation of allocation sequences in randomized trials: chance, not choice","volume":"359","author":"Schulz","year":"2002","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a028928","article-title":"Clinical course of multiple sclerosis","volume":"8","author":"Klineova","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1459","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458520915629","article-title":"Exercise and lifestyle physical activity recommendations for people with multiple sclerosis throughout the disease course","volume":"26","author":"Kalb","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mult Scler J"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.3945\/an.116.014191","article-title":"Influence of diet in multiple sclerosis: a systematic review","volume":"8","author":"Bagur","year":"2017","journal-title":"Adv Nutr"},{"key":"ref38","first-page":"659","article-title":"Several food items and multiple sclerosis: a case\u2013control study in Ahvaz (Iran)","volume":"19","author":"Bagheri","year":"2014","journal-title":"Iran J Nurs Midwifery Res"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2427\/5808","article-title":"Food and dietary patterns and multiple sclerosis: a case\u2013control study in Belgrade (Serbia)","volume":"6","author":"Pekmezovic","year":"2009","journal-title":"Italian J Public Health"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1759091414568185","DOI":"10.1177\/1759091414568185","article-title":"Nutrition facts in multiple sclerosis","volume":"7","author":"Riccio","year":"2015","journal-title":"ASN Neuro"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1639","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24021639","article-title":"Synapse dysfunctions in multiple sclerosis","volume":"24","author":"Schwarz","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2016.187","article-title":"Interactions between genetic, lifestyle and environmental risk factors for multiple sclerosis","volume":"13","author":"Olsson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurol"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2014-307928","article-title":"Sodium intake is associated with increased disease activity in multiple sclerosis","volume":"86","author":"Farez","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2021.12.014","article-title":"The impact of lifetime coffee and tea loads on multiple sclerosis severity","volume":"47","author":"Ivashynka","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clinical Nutrition ESPEN"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.24210","article-title":"Neonatal vitamin D status and risk of multiple sclerosis","volume":"76","author":"Ueda","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1773","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458518807061","article-title":"Diet quality and risk of multiple sclerosis in two cohorts of US women","volume":"25","author":"Rotstein","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mult Scler J"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1281","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458520907901","article-title":"Systematic review and meta-analysis of the association between Epstein\u2013Barr virus, multiple sclerosis and other risk factors","volume":"26","author":"Jacobs","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mult Scler J"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.12620","article-title":"Obesity interacts with infectious mononucleosis in risk of multiple sclerosis","volume":"22","author":"Hedstr\u00f6m","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e33906","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000033906","article-title":"Relationship between medical history and multiple sclerosis: a-case\u2013control study","volume":"102","author":"Ghazaiean","year":"2023","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-020-10119-8","article-title":"An atlas on risk factors for multiple sclerosis: a Mendelian randomization study","volume":"268","author":"Yuan","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.3390\/v12060643","article-title":"Role of viruses in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis","volume":"12","author":"Tarlinton","year":"2020","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1159\/000526895","article-title":"Breastfeeding and risk of multiple sclerosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies","volume":"56","author":"Holz","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neuroepidemiology"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1111\/ane.13132","article-title":"Modifiable factors associated with depression and anxiety in multiple sclerosis","volume":"140","author":"Gascoyne","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Neurol Scand"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3329","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sbspro.2012.06.061","article-title":"The relationship between illness perception and quality of life in Iranian patients with coronary artery bypass graft","volume":"46","author":"Yaraghchi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Procedia Soc Behav Sci"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-7967(94)00075-U","article-title":"The structure of negative emotional states: comparison of the depression anxiety stress scales (DASS) with the Beck depression and anxiety inventories","volume":"33","author":"Lovibond","year":"1995","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther"},{"key":"ref56","volume-title":"Validation of depression anxiety and stress scale (DASS-21) for an Iranian population","author":"Sahebi","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1080\/10376178.2022.2107037","article-title":"The relationship between stress, anxiety, and depression levels and pseudobulbar affect in patients with multiple sclerosis","volume":"58","author":"\u00d6zer","year":"2022","journal-title":"Contemp Nurse"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1021","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2017.2509","article-title":"Effectiveness of psychological and\/or educational interventions in the prevention of anxiety: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression","volume":"74","author":"Moreno-Peral","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1421","DOI":"10.1002\/pon.3158","article-title":"Depression, anxiety and positive affect in people diagnosed with low-grade tumors: the role of illness perceptions","volume":"22","author":"Keeling","year":"2013","journal-title":"Psychooncology"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1177\/0961203317751858","article-title":"Illness perception is significantly determined by depression and anxiety in systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"27","author":"Nowicka-Sauer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lupus"},{"key":"ref61","first-page":"17","article-title":"The effect of peer group educational program on multiple sclerosis patient's level of stress","volume":"15","author":"Ali","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Arak University Med Sci"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1177\/154596839500900103","article-title":"Psychological predictors of depression in multiple sclerosis","volume":"9","author":"Shnek","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Neurol Rehab"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.4103\/1735-1995.196607","article-title":"Efficacy of illness perception focused intervention on quality of life, anxiety, and depression in patients with myocardial infarction","volume":"21","author":"Sararoudi","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Res Med Sci"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1186\/s40359-014-0050-3","article-title":"The contribution of illness perception to psychological distress in heart failure patients","volume":"2","author":"Morgan","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Psychol"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.21500\/20112084.5815","article-title":"Stress, a brief update","volume":"16","author":"Valencia-Florez","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Psychol Res"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100099","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadr.2021.100099","article-title":"Illness representations in depression and their association with clinical and treatment outcomes: a systematic review of the literature","volume":"4","author":"Mavroeides","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Affective Disorders Reports"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e311","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmn.2024.03.003","article-title":"The effect of psychoeducation based on Leventhal's self-regulation model on Dysmenorrhoea in nursing students: a single-blind randomized controlled study","volume":"25","author":"Ozkan-Sat","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pain Manag Nurs"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1186\/s12872-023-03049-6","article-title":"Effect of Leventhal\u2019s self-regulatory intervention on the hypertensive patients\u2019 illness perception and lifestyle: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"23","author":"Saranjam","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Cardiovasc Disord"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Neurology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fneur.2025.1521112\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,9]],"date-time":"2025-05-09T05:29:59Z","timestamp":1746768599000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fneur.2025.1521112\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,9]]},"references-count":68,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fneur.2025.1521112"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fneur.2025.1521112","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-2295"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-2295","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,9]]},"article-number":"1521112"}}