{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T20:12:05Z","timestamp":1767903125464,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,10]],"date-time":"2025-03-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741564800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Neurol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>There are relatively few reports on the long-term sequential functional recovery and prognosis in patients with cerebellar infarction. The aim of this study was to investigate the long-term recovery of multifaceted functional outcomes up to 36\u202fmonths after onset and the functional prognosis of isolated cerebellar infarction.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study was a retrospective analysis of the Korean Stroke Cohort for Functioning and Rehabilitation (KOSCO) data up to 36\u202fmonths after onset. Isolated cerebellar infarction was defined as the presence of lesions in the cerebellum without lesions in other brain parenchyma. We assessed multifaceted functional domains, including motor (Fugl-Meyer Assessment, FMA), ambulatory (Functional Ambulation Category, FAC), cognitive (Korean Mini-Mental State Examination, K-MMSE), swallowing (American Speech-Language-Hearing Association National Outcome Measurement System Swallowing Scale, ASHA-NOMS), and language functions (Short version of the Korean Frenchay Aphasia Screening Test, Short K-FAST), using serial measurements. In addition, functional outcome was assessed with the Functional Independence Measure (FIM) up to 36\u202fmonths after onset.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Among 390 screened isolated cerebellar infarction patients, a total of 183 patients were included in this study. Cognitive (mean[SD] of K-MMSE 27.6\u202f\u00b1\u202f3.6) and swallowing (ASHA-NOMS 6.8\u202f\u00b1\u202f0.7) functions showed significant improvement up to 3\u202fmonths (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u202f&amp;lt;\u202f0.05). Motor (FMA 98.8\u202f\u00b1\u202f3.8) and language (ASHA-NOMS 6.9\u202f\u00b1\u202f0.4) functions improved significantly up to 6\u202fmonths (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u202f&amp;lt;\u202f0.05). Furthermore, ambulatory function (FAC 4.7\u202f\u00b1\u202f0.9) and functional independency (FIM 122.2\u202f\u00b1\u202f12.0) continued to improve up to 12\u202fmonths (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u202f&amp;lt;\u202f0.05). Vascular territory involving superior cerebellar artery, older age, female sex, and greater initial severity were identified as negative independent prognostic factors predicting functional outcome measured by FIM at 12\u202fmonths after stroke.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The plateau of recovery in multifaceted functional outcomes varied among patients with cerebellar infarction. Functional independence plateaued at 12\u202fmonths and showed a relatively favorable prognosis up to 36\u202fmonths after stroke.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2025.1541245","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,10]],"date-time":"2025-03-10T05:15:03Z","timestamp":1741583703000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Long-term functional outcomes in patients with isolated cerebellar infarction: the KOSCO study"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Ho Seok","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Min Kyun","family":"Sohn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jongmin","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Deog Young","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yong-Il","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gyung-Jae","family":"Oh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yang-Soo","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Min Cheol","family":"Joo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"So Young","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Min-Keun","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Junhee","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeonghoon","family":"Ahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Young-Hoon","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dae Hyun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Young-Taek","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yun-Hee","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Won Hyuk","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.18.5.849","article-title":"Cerebellar infarction: natural history, prognosis, and pathology","volume":"18","author":"Macdonell","year":"1987","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1697","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.24.11.1697","article-title":"Cerebellar infarction. 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