{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T16:54:37Z","timestamp":1781801677059,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,24]],"date-time":"2025-04-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745452800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Neurol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The traditional procedure of intracranial aneurysm (IA) diagnosis and evaluation in MRA is manually operated, which is time-consuming and labor-intensive. In this study, a deep learning model was established to diagnose and measure IA automatically based on the original MR images.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 1,014 IAs (from 852 patients) from hospital 1 were included and randomly divided into training, testing, and internal validation sets in a 7:2:1 ratio. Additionally, 315 patients (179 cases with IA and 136 cases without IA) from hospital 2 were used for independent validation. A deep learning model of MR 3DUnet was established for IA diagnosis and size measurement. The true positive (TP), false positive (FP), false negative (FN), recall, sensitivity, and specificity indices were used to evaluate the diagnosis performance of MR 3DUnet. The two-sample <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>-test was used to compare the size measurement results of MR 3DUnet and two radiologists. A <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>-value of &amp;lt; 0.05 was considered statistically significant.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The fully automatic model processed the original MRA data in 13.6\u202fs and provided real-time results, including IA diagnosis and size measurement. For the IA diagnosis, in the training, testing, and internal validation sets, the recall rates were 0.80, 0.75, and 0.79, and the sensitivities were 0.82, 0.75, and 0.75, respectively. In the independent validation set, the recall rate, sensitivity, specificity, and AUC were 0.71, 0.74, 0.77, and 0.75, respectively. Subgroup analysis showed a recall rate of 0.74 for IA diagnosis based on DSA. For IA size measurement, no significant difference was found between our MR 3DUnet and the manual measurements of DSA or MRA.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this study, a one-click, fully automatic deep learning model was developed for automatic IA diagnosis and size measurement based on 2D original images. It has the potential to significantly improve doctors\u2019 work efficiency and reduce patients\u2019 examination time, making it highly valuable in clinical practice.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2025.1544571","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,24]],"date-time":"2025-04-24T13:34:18Z","timestamp":1745501658000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Automatic diagnosis and measurement of intracranial aneurysms using deep learning in MRA raw images"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Qingning","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fengxi","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rong","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiaqing","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingxu","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chencui","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junbang","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chuanming","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1016\/s1474-4422(11)70109-0","article-title":"Prevalence of unruptured intracranial aneurysms, with emphasis on sex, age, comorbidity, country, and time period: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"10","author":"Vlak","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1413","DOI":"10.1212\/wnl.50.5.1413","article-title":"The burden, trends, and demographics of mortality from subarachnoid hemorrhage","volume":"50","author":"Johnston","year":"1998","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2016.150","article-title":"Unruptured intracranial aneurysms: development, rupture and preventive management","volume":"12","author":"Etminan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurol"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(07)60153-6","article-title":"Subarachnoid haemorrhage","volume":"369","author":"van Gijn","year":"2007","journal-title":"Lancet (London, England)"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.1161\/01.str.28.3.660","article-title":"Case-fatality rates and functional outcome after subarachnoid hemorrhage: a systematic review","volume":"28","author":"Hop","year":"1997","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2368","DOI":"10.1161\/str.0000000000000070","article-title":"Guidelines for the Management of Patients with Unruptured Intracranial Aneurysms: a guideline for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association\/American Stroke Association","volume":"46","author":"Thompson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.217.2.r00nv06361","article-title":"Can noninvasive imaging accurately depict intracranial aneurysms? 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