{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T23:15:59Z","timestamp":1777504559362,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,17]],"date-time":"2025-03-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742169600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Neurol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cognitive impairments, including mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia, significantly affect patients\u2019 daily functions and quality of life, contributing to a substantial societal and economic burden. The role of uric acid in cognitive function is controversial, with some studies suggesting protective effects, while others indicate increased risk of cognitive decline.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 1,098 participants with an average age of 69\u202fyears were included in the study. Cognitive function was assessed using the Mini-Mental State Examination. Hyperuricemia was defined as blood uric acid concentrations &amp;gt;420\u202f\u03bcmol\/L. Logistic regression and restricted cubic spline analysis were performed to assess the association between hyperuricemia and cognitive impairment, including MCI and dementia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Hyperuricemia was associated with a lower risk of cognitive impairment (OR\u202f=\u202f0.51, 95% CI\u202f=\u202f0.31\u20130.80) and MCI (OR\u202f=\u202f0.39, 95% CI\u202f=\u202f0.21\u20130.69), particularly in individuals younger than 70\u202fyears, males, and those without hypertension or diabetes. No significant association was found between hyperuricemia and dementia (OR\u202f=\u202f0.94, 95% CI\u202f=\u202f0.44\u20131.89). There is no evidence of a non-linear relationship between hyperuricemia and cognitive impairment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Hyperuricemia appears to have a protective effect on cognitive function, particularly in reducing the risk of MCI, but not dementia, in specific populations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2025.1555587","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,17]],"date-time":"2025-03-17T05:26:55Z","timestamp":1742189215000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Hyperuricemia reduces the risk of MCI but not dementia: a cross-sectional study in 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