{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T16:09:57Z","timestamp":1753891797467,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,16]],"date-time":"2025-06-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750032000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Neurol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Although videonystagmography (VNG) is a useful test for evaluating patients with vestibular symptoms, it may cause undesirable side effects. The aim of this study was to measure cerebral tissue oxygen saturation in patients with vertigo undergoing VNG and assess its relationship with clinical parameters, including the severity of the procedure-related side effects.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Continuous measurement of regional oxygen saturation (rSO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>) from both hemispheres during VNG with caloric stimulation was performed in patients with chronic vertigo using a near-infrared spectroscopy sensor. This sensor, connected to a regional oximetry system (O3\u2122, Masimo, Irvine, CA), was placed on the participant\u2019s forehead. During and after the VNG procedure, patient-perceived dizziness, discomfort, headache, and nausea\u2014side effects related to VNG testing\u2014were assessed using a 0-to-10 visual analog scale (VAS).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 23 patients were enrolled, with a mean age of 54.27\u202fyears and an average duration of vertigo of 5.96\u202fyears. Of these, 11 patients experienced VNG-related side effects. No significant differences in oximetry parameters were observed before and after the caloric test, regardless of whether cold or hot water was used or whether the left or right ear was stimulated. We found a positive correlation between the overall change in oxygenation values in both hemispheres during the whole VNG test (delta) and the severity of side effects symptoms (VAS). The correlation coefficient between delta and VAS was higher in the right hemisphere than in the left (accordingly 0.69 vs. 0.62, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u202f&amp;lt;\u202f0.05).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Caloric stimulation does not influence regional brain oxygenation as measured by a regional oximetry system. However, fluctuations in rSO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> values during the whole VNG procedure, predominantly on the right side, may be associated with the side effects of the procedure.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2025.1556265","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,16]],"date-time":"2025-06-16T06:16:31Z","timestamp":1750054591000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Noninvasive brain oxygen saturation measurement during caloric response in vertigo patients\u2014preliminary report"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Magdalena","family":"Nowaczewska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Marzec","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"\u0141ukasz","family":"Kluczy\u0144ski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katarzyna","family":"Sierakowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maciej","family":"Wr\u00f3bel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"718","DOI":"10.1177\/0003489420968873","article-title":"Impact and cost effectiveness of videonystagmography","volume":"130","author":"Ni","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1222","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0000000000002025","article-title":"Vestibular testing: patient perceptions, morbidity, and opportunity costs","volume":"39","author":"Kelly","year":"2018","journal-title":"Otol Neurotol"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.3233\/VES-160598","article-title":"The usefulness of the video head impulse test in children and adults post-concussion","volume":"26","author":"Alshehri","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Vestib Res"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1177\/0310057X18811962","article-title":"Modern technology-derived normative values for cerebral tissue oxygen saturation in adults","volume":"47","author":"Eyeington","year":"2019","journal-title":"Anaesth Intensive Care"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2538","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awn042","article-title":"Functional brain imaging of peripheral and central vestibular disorders","volume":"131","author":"Dieterich","year":"2008","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1007\/s00234-019-02194-0","article-title":"Grey matter activation by caloric stimulation in patients with unilateral peripheral vestibular hypofunction","volume":"61","author":"Wypych","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuroradiology"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2009.03869.x","article-title":"Vertigo and cerebral hemoglobin changes during unilateral caloric stimulation: a near-infrared spectroscopy study","volume":"1164","author":"Iida","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2013.02.061","article-title":"Neuroimaging to detect cortical projection of vestibular response to caloric stimulation in young and older adults using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS)","volume":"76","author":"Karim","year":"2013","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1384","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.2002.1241","article-title":"Human vestibular cortex as identified with caloric stimulation in functional magnetic resonance imaging","volume":"17","author":"Fasold","year":"2002","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4615-4863-8_66","article-title":"Spontaneous fluctuations in cerebral oxygen supply. An introduction","volume":"454","author":"Hudetz","year":"1998","journal-title":"Adv Exp Med Biol"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otorri.2017.09.002","article-title":"Emotional reaction evaluation provoked by the vestibular caloric test through physiological variables monitoring","volume":"69","author":"Barona-de-Guzm\u00e1n","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Otorrinolaringol Esp (Engl Ed)"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Neurology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fneur.2025.1556265\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,16]],"date-time":"2025-06-16T06:16:32Z","timestamp":1750054592000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fneur.2025.1556265\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,16]]},"references-count":11,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fneur.2025.1556265"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fneur.2025.1556265","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-2295"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1664-2295"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,16]]},"article-number":"1556265"}}