{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T11:20:33Z","timestamp":1793272833025,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,6]],"date-time":"2025-03-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741219200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Neurol."],"abstract":"Background<\/jats:title>Measuring 18F-FDG PET-detected brain glucose uptake provides reliable information on metabolic tissue abnormalities, cells dysfunction, and neurovascular changes after traumatic brain injury (TBI).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Objectives<\/jats:title>We aimed to study the relationship between post-traumatic brain glucose metabolism and functional outcomes in the so far unexplored field of longitudinally 18F-FDG PET-monitored patients undergoing rehabilitation after moderate-to-severe TBI.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Methods<\/jats:title>Fourteen patients consecutively admitted to our unit in the post-acute phase after TBI underwent 18F-FDG-PET scans performed before and 6\u202fmonths after inpatient rehabilitation program. The Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) for neurological status, and the Functional Independence Measure (FIM) plus the Glasgow Outcome Scale-Extended (GOSE) scales for the rehabilitation outcome, were applied on admission and discharge. Voxel-wise analyses were performed, with the Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM12) software, to investigate pre- vs. post-rehabilitation changes of brain metabolism, and their relationships with clinical indices.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>In the whole sample, 18F-FDG uptake significantly increased in the following five regions that were hypometabolic before rehabilitation: inferior frontal gyrus bilaterally, alongside right precentral gyrus, inferior parietal lobule, and cerebellum. However, only for the right precentral gyrus the median voxel peak-value at baseline resulted a significant predictor of both cognitive (FIM cognitive subscale, p<\/jats:italic>\u202f=\u202f0.012), and functional (GOS-E, p<\/jats:italic>\u202f=\u202f0.02; post- vs. pre-treatment GOS-E difference, p<\/jats:italic>\u202f=\u202f0.009) improvements. ROC curve analysis showed that a peak voxel-value of 1.7998 was the optimal cut-off for favorable rehabilitation outcome. Unfavorable functional outcomes were predicted by increased 18F-FDG uptake in the inferior frontal gyrus (GOS-E, p<\/jats:italic>\u202f=\u202f0.032) and precentral gyrus (FIM cognitive subscale, p<\/jats:italic>\u202f=\u202f0.017; GOS-E, p<\/jats:italic>\u202f=\u202f0.015).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusion<\/jats:title>This proof-of-principle study enlightens the metabolic changes occurring in moderate-to-severe TBI course. Notably, such changes preferentially involve definite frontal brain areas regardless of TBI localization and entity. These findings pave the way for further studies with translational purposes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2025.1556427","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,6]],"date-time":"2025-03-06T05:11:00Z","timestamp":1741237860000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Brain glucose metabolism in patients with traumatic brain injury undergoing rehabilitation: a longitudinal 18F-FDG PET study"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Valeria","family":"Pingue","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irene","family":"Bossert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniela","family":"D\u2019Ambrosio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Nardone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Trifir\u00f2","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicola","family":"Canessa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diego","family":"Franciotta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nec.2016.05.005","article-title":"Concussion-mild 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