{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T23:26:34Z","timestamp":1791501994945,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,16]],"date-time":"2025-04-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744761600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Neurol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) is one of the most prevalent peripheral vestibular dysfunctions encountered in clinical practice, including dizziness and vertigo, which has a significant impact on people\u2019s everyday lives and affects their quality of life in many ways. Researches indicate that individuals with recurrent benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) may exhibit vitamin D insufficiency, and certain studies suggest that correcting severe vitamin D deficiency might effectively reduce BPPV recurrence; nevertheless, the findings have been inconsistent. As a result, we conducted the current Meta-analysis to investigate potential associations of vitamin D levels with the occurrence and recurrence of BPPV. In the meantime, the current study was done to evaluate the impact of vitamin D supplementation on the prevention of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo recurrence.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Electronic databases (PubMed, EMBASE, SCOPUS and the Cochrane Library) were identified to search for relevant studies about (vitamin D or vitamin D supplementation) and (Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo incidence or recurrence) from inception to Dec 22, 2024. 60 studies with a total of 16,368 participants were included into this meta-analysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>(1) The aggregated weighted mean difference (WMD) demonstrated that there was a significant reduction in vitamin D level in the BPPV cohort (WMD\u202f=\u202f\u22122.84; 95% CI \u22124.53 to \u22121.15) relative to the control cohort. Likewise, Recurrent BPPV groups had significantly lower levels of vitamin D compared to non-recurrent groups (WMD\u202f=\u202f\u22125.01; 95% CI \u22126.94 to \u22123.08). When the cupulolithiasis BPPV groups were compared to the canalolithiasis BPPV groups, the vitamin D level was lower in the cupulolithiasis groups (WMD\u202f=\u202f5.09; 95% CI 2.05 to 8.12); (2) In this meta-analysis, the multivariable-adjusted relative risk (RR) indicated that increased vitamin D was inversely related to BPPV incidence (RR\u202f=\u202f1.36; 95% CI 1.31, 1.41), but not significantly related to the recurrence (RR\u202f=\u202f0.95, 95% CI 0.91, 0.99); (3) Vitamin D supplementation group had a lower recurrence rate than the control group which did not accepted vitamin D supplementation (RR =0.45, 95% CI\u202f=\u202f0.36\u20130.55).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The serum level of vitamin D is lower in patients with BPPV, especially recurrent BPPV, than in controls. There was a negative correlation between occurrence rate of BPPV episodes and vitamin D deficiency, which means that vitamin D deficiency may have a role in occurrence of BPPV. The present study indicates that vitamin D supplementation can significantly lower recurrence in benign paroxysmal positional vertigo. The level of vitamin D was lower in canalolithiasis than in cupulolithiasis BPPV groups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2025.1560616","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,16]],"date-time":"2025-04-16T04:10:36Z","timestamp":1744776636000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Association between vitamin D, vitamin D supplementation and benign paroxysmal positional vertigo: a systematic review and 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