{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T18:00:19Z","timestamp":1790791219568,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,16]],"date-time":"2025-05-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747353600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Neurol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Estimating the prognosis of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is of great importance. It has not been conclusively clarified whether sarcopenia is predictive for the functional outcome in ICH. Determining the temporalis muscle thickness (TMT) may be helpful for estimating sarcopenia. An association of TMT with outcome (mRS) has been shown in cerebellar ischemia and traumatic brain injury.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The present retrospective study of 488 consecutive patients with ICH aimed to investigate the association of sarcopenia as assessed by TMT with mRS. In addition to biometric data, ICH subtype and severity [modified ICH score (mICH)], occurrence of complications and mRS at discharge and after 90 days were recorded. The influence of sarcopenia assessed by TMT as the surrogate marker using head imaging (cCT, cMRT) on mRS was analyzed by ordinal regression analysis. Dichotomization into sarcopenic and non-sarcopenic patients was carried out using standard threshold values.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Finally, 322 patients were analyzed [median (IQR) age: 77 (66\u201383) years; 57.5% male]. Sarcopenic patients were older (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.001), had lower BMI (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.025) and higher mICH scores (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.001) compared to non-sarcopenic patients. There was no significant difference in the overall distribution of mRS scores between sarcopenic and non-sarcopenic patients at discharge (unadjusted common OR: 1.28; 95% CI: 0.85\u20131.92; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.236), but at 90 days favoring the non-sarcopenic over the sarcopenic group (unadjusted common OR: 1.41; 95% CI: 1.07\u20132.12; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.049). The results did not subsist statistical adjustment to candidate covariates by multivariate ordinal regression.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>In conclusion, sarcopenia as assessed by TMT seems to have limited prognostic value in ICH.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2025.1564550","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,16]],"date-time":"2025-05-16T04:10:22Z","timestamp":1747368622000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Prognostic value of temporalis muscle thickness as a marker of sarcopenia in intracerebral hemorrhage"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Waldemar","family":"Gubarev","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Klinke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ulrike","family":"Vo\u00dfmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Cantr\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bijan","family":"Zendeh Zartoshti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Artem","family":"Rafaelian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Milos","family":"Arsenovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Dubinski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sae-Yeon","family":"Won","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Florian","family":"Gessler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Freiman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Storch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthias","family":"Wittstock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"720","DOI":"10.1016\/s1474-4422(12)70104-7","article-title":"Intracerebral haemorrhage: mechanisms of injury and therapeutic targets","volume":"11","author":"Keep","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1161\/strokeaha.116.015890","article-title":"Specific lobar affection reveals a rostrocaudal gradient in functional outcome in spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage","volume":"48","author":"Gerner","year":"2017","journal-title":"Stroke."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S35","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-013-1040-y","article-title":"Advances in the management of intracerebral hemorrhage","volume":"120","author":"Kuramatsu","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Neur Trans."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/s1474-4422(09)70340-0","article-title":"Incidence, case fatality, and functional outcome of intracerebral haemorrhage over time, according to age, sex, and ethnic origin: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"9","author":"van Asch","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2019.04.011","article-title":"Prestroke sarcopenia and functional outcomes in elderly patients who have had an acute stroke: A prospective cohort study","volume":"66","author":"Nozoe","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nutrition."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104623","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2019.104623","article-title":"Correlation between skeletal muscle mass deficit and poor functional outcome in patients with acute ischemic stroke","volume":"29","author":"Ohyama","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-016-0349-4","article-title":"Sarcopenia in daily practice: assessment and management","volume":"16","author":"Beaudart","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12268","article-title":"Pitfalls in the measurement of muscle mass: a need for a reference standard","volume":"9","author":"Buckinx","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.1007\/s12603-016-0844-5","article-title":"Cut-off points for muscle mass - not grip strength or gait speed - determine variations in sarcopenia prevalence","volume":"21","author":"Masan\u00e9s","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Nutr Health Aging."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1193685","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2023.1193685","article-title":"Frailty in cerebellar ischemic stroke-The significance of temporal muscle thickness","volume":"14","author":"Dubinski","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Neurol."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7625","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12247625","article-title":"Frailty in traumatic brain injury-the significance of temporal muscle thickness","volume":"12","author":"Dubinski","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"840","DOI":"10.1111\/ijs.12309","article-title":"European Stroke Organisation (ESO) guidelines for the management of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage","volume":"9","author":"Steiner","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Stroke."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1038","DOI":"10.1161\/01.Str.0000206441.79646.49","article-title":"Predicting mortality in spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage: can modification to original score improve the prediction?","volume":"37","author":"Godoy","year":"2006","journal-title":"Stroke."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1111\/ane.13496","article-title":"Effects of insular involvement on functional outcome after intracerebral hemorrhage","volume":"144","author":"Wittstock","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acta Neurol Scand."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1670","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(00)02237-6","article-title":"Validity and reliability of a quantitative computed tomography score in predicting outcome of hyperacute stroke before thrombolytic therapy. ASPECTS Study Group Alberta Stroke Programme Early CT Score","volume":"355","author":"Barber","year":"2000","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1304","DOI":"10.1161\/01.str.27.8.1304","article-title":"The ABCs of measuring intracerebral hemorrhage volumes","volume":"27","author":"Kothari","year":"1996","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1346","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181dad605","article-title":"Prevalence of superficial siderosis in patients with cerebral amyloid angiopathy","volume":"74","author":"Linn","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurology."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cger.2016.08.002","article-title":"Pathogenesis and management of sarcopenia","volume":"33","author":"Dhillon","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Geriatr Med."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51272","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9051272","article-title":"Sarcopenia in neurological patients: standard values for temporal muscle thickness and muscle strength evaluation","volume":"9","author":"Steindl","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14030687","article-title":"temporal muscle and stroke-a narrative review on current meaning and clinical applications of temporal muscle thickness, area, and volume","volume":"14","author":"Katsuki","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afy169","article-title":"Sarcopenia: revised European consensus on definition and diagnosis","volume":"48","author":"Cruz-Jentoft","year":"2019","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1007\/s00432-020-03386-5","article-title":"Association between temporal muscle thickness and clinical outcomes in patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma","volume":"147","author":"An","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Cancer Res Clin Oncol."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e30031","DOI":"10.1097\/md.0000000000030031","article-title":"Long-term prognostic significance of sarcopenia in acute ischemic stroke","volume":"101","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Medicine."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106444","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2020.106444","article-title":"Reliability and validity of measuring temporal muscle thickness as the evaluation of sarcopenia risk and the relationship with functional outcome in older patients with acute stroke","volume":"201","author":"Nozoe","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Neurol Neurosurg."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1007\/s11357-015-9860-3","article-title":"Sex-specific differences in risk factors for sarcopenia amongst community-dwelling older adults","volume":"37","author":"Tay","year":"2015","journal-title":"Age."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2019.12.012","article-title":"Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia: 2019 Consensus Update on Sarcopenia Diagnosis and Treatment","volume":"21","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Am Med Direct Assoc"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.Ccr-21-1987","article-title":"Temporal muscle thickness as a prognostic marker in patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma: translational imaging analysis of the CENTRIC EORTC 26071-22072 and CORE Trials","volume":"28","author":"Furtner","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afu115","article-title":"Prevalence of and interventions for sarcopenia in ageing adults: a systematic review. Report of the International Sarcopenia Initiative (EWGSOP and IWGS)","volume":"43","author":"Cruz-Jentoft","year":"2014","journal-title":"Age Ageing."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4291","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13124291","article-title":"Associated factors of sarcopenia in community-dwelling older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"13","author":"Gao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12783","article-title":"Global prevalence of sarcopenia and severe sarcopenia: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"13","author":"Petermann-Rocha","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105092","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2020.105092","article-title":"Prevalence of stroke-related sarcopenia: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"29","author":"Su","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1159\/000517099","article-title":"Sarcopenia is associated with mortality in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"68","author":"Xu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Gerontology."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6015","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-024-12575-y","article-title":"Temporalis muscle thickness as a predictor of functional outcome after reperfusion therapies for acute ischemic stroke: a retrospective, cohort study","volume":"271","author":"Ravera","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Neurol."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0291452","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0291452","article-title":"Prevalence and risk factors of possible sarcopenia in patients with subacute stroke","volume":"18","author":"Kim","year":"2023","journal-title":"PLoS ONE."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107910","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2023.107910","article-title":"Sarcopenia in patients following stroke: prevalence and associated factors","volume":"233","author":"Ikeji","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin Neurol Neurosurg."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1209","DOI":"10.1136\/neurintsurg-2018-013787","article-title":"Thrombectomy for acute ischemic stroke in the elderly: a 'real world' experience","volume":"10","author":"Alawieh","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Neurointerv Surg."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e014447","DOI":"10.1161\/jaha.119.014447","article-title":"Endovascular Treatment of Very Elderly Patients Aged \u226590 With Acute Ischemic Stroke","volume":"9","author":"Meyer","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6456","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11216456","article-title":"Significance of temporal muscle thickness in chronic subdural hematoma","volume":"11","author":"Dubinski","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110808","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2023.110808","article-title":"Association of temporalis muscle thickness with functional outcomes in patients undergoing endovascular thrombectomy","volume":"163","author":"Lin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur J Radiol."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0044-1787104","article-title":"Outcome trajectories after intracerebral hemorrhage","volume":"44","author":"Carhuapoma","year":"2024","journal-title":"Semin Neurol."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-023-00424-7","article-title":"Intracerebral haemorrhage","volume":"9","author":"Puy","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Prim"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0253964","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0253964","article-title":"How outcomes are measured after spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage: a systematic scoping review","volume":"16","author":"Massicotte","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS ONE."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1877","DOI":"10.1161\/strokeaha.110.586909","article-title":"Comparison of recovery patterns and prognostic indicators for ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke in China: the ChinaQUEST (QUality Evaluation of Stroke Care and Treatment) Registry study","volume":"41","author":"Wei","year":"2010","journal-title":"Stroke."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1007\/s12028-018-0633-6","article-title":"Assessment and comparison of the four most extensively validated prognostic scales for intracerebral hemorrhage: systematic review with meta-analysis","volume":"30","author":"Greg\u00f3rio","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurocrit Care"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1177\/09727531231185200","article-title":"Prognostic accuracy of common mortality prognostic scales in very old patients with intracerebral haemorrhge","author":"Batista R","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ann Neuroscience"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1080\/17843286.2020.1750151","article-title":"Prognostic determinants in patients with non traumatic intracerebral hemorrhage: a real life report","volume":"76","author":"Masotti","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acta Clin Belgica"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2944","DOI":"10.1161\/strokeaha.111.617639","article-title":"Charlson comorbidity index adjustment in intracerebral hemorrhage","volume":"42","author":"Bar","year":"2011","journal-title":"Stroke."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Neurology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fneur.2025.1564550\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,16]],"date-time":"2025-05-16T04:10:22Z","timestamp":1747368622000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fneur.2025.1564550\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,16]]},"references-count":47,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fneur.2025.1564550"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fneur.2025.1564550","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-2295"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-2295","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,16]]},"article-number":"1564550"}}