{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T22:16:48Z","timestamp":1793053008370,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":107,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,2]],"date-time":"2025-07-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751414400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Neurol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Vagus nerve dysfunction is implicated in the pathophysiology of many different symptoms and diseases that plague humanity. In many cases, the etiology of this condition remains elusive. One potentially implicating factor is cervical spine pathology, as the 2 vagus nerves are located in the carotid sheath just anterior to the cervical vertebrae. We propose that cervicovagopathy occurs primarily by the slow stretching of the posterior cervical ligaments because of a forward head-facedown lifestyle from excessive cell phone and computer usage. While the excessive stretch and compression on the vagus nerve initially just inhibits electrical impulses (conduction block), the condition progresses to ligamentous cervical instability. It ultimately results in a breakdown of the cervical curve (dysstructure), leading to vagus neuron cell death (degeneration), which can be documented by carotid sheath ultrasound. Cervical structural, internal jugular vein, and vagus nerve cross-sectional area measurements are presented from a retrospective chart review of 234 consecutive patients with no obvious cause for 1 of 9 specific symptoms\u2014anxiety, dizziness, fatigue, irritability, lightheadedness, insomnia, sleeping difficulty, neck pain, and neck cracking\/popping. Those cases of vagus nerve degeneration from a structural cause require corrective cervical structural therapies such as proper ergonomics, physiotherapy, cervical curve and postural exercises, low-force adjustments, and prolotherapy. A case example is given to demonstrate how cervical structural treatments can open up internal jugular veins and improve a patient\u2019s chronic symptoms. Resolution of symptoms that occur alongside improvements in vagus nerve cross-sectional areas (regeneration), correlating with restoration of the cervical lordotic curve and stability, will prove this hypothesis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2025.1572863","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,2]],"date-time":"2025-07-02T04:14:37Z","timestamp":1751429677000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Cervicovagopathy: ligamentous cervical instability and dysstructure as a potential etiology for vagus nerve dysfunction in the cause of human symptoms and diseases"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Ross A.","family":"Hauser","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danielle","family":"Matias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin Ryan","family":"Rawlings","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1016\/s0166-2236(00)01929-9","article-title":"Does the vagus nerve mediate the sixth sense?","volume":"24","author":"Zagon","year":"2001","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00619","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.619","article-title":"Morphological relationship between the superior cervical ganglion and cervical nerves in Japanese cadaver donors","volume":"7","author":"Mitsuoka","year":"2016","journal-title":"Brain Behav"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1016\/0008-6363(96)00116-2","article-title":"Heart rate variability and its sympatho-vagal modulation","volume":"32","author":"Lombardi","year":"1996","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1097\/FBP.0000000000000383","article-title":"Heart-rate variability: a biomarker to study the influence of nutrition on physiological and psychological health?","volume":"29","author":"Young","year":"2018","journal-title":"Behav Pharmacol"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2040-1124.2010.00070.x","article-title":"Mechanism of diabetic neuropathy: where are we now and where to go?","volume":"2","author":"Yagihashi","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Diabetes Investig"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8284","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1605635113","article-title":"Vagus nerve stimulation inhibits cytokine production and attenuates disease severity in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"113","author":"Koopman","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2020.00284","article-title":"Critical review of transcutaneous Vagus nerve stimulation: challenges for translation to clinical practice","volume":"14","author":"Yap","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1617","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.09.002","article-title":"Quantitative estimation of nerve fiber engagement by vagus nerve stimulation using physiological markers","volume":"13","author":"Chang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brain Stimul"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1186\/s13244-019-0704-z","article-title":"Pathology of the carotid space","volume":"10","author":"Chengazi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Insights Imaging"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jus.2011.06.001","article-title":"Sonographic anatomy of the neck: the suprahyoid region","volume":"14","author":"Gervasio","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Ultrasound"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A5434","article-title":"MR imaging of the superior cervical ganglion and inferior ganglion of the Vagus nerve: structures that can mimic pathologic retropharyngeal lymph nodes","volume":"39","author":"Yokota","year":"2018","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1212\/wnl.13.9.797","article-title":"Jugular foramen syndrome and allied syndromes","volume":"13","author":"Svien","year":"1963","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.3.5564.529","article-title":"Glossopharyngeal and vagal neuralgia","volume":"3","author":"Chawla","year":"1967","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuchi.2016.02.001","article-title":"Vagoglossopharyngeal neuraligia revealed through predominant digestive vagal manifestations. 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