{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T20:23:35Z","timestamp":1787862215292,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,3]],"date-time":"2025-06-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748908800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Neurol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To validate the Familiar Tools Use Test (FTT) of the Diagnostic Instrument for Limb Apraxia-Short Version in Chinese stroke patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Participants were conveniently enrolled from a neurology ward in a tertiary hospital in Guangzhou, China, between April 2023 and September 2023. Internal consistency, test\u2013retest reliability, inter-rater reliability, dimensionality, convergent validity, and divergent validity were examined.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In total, 110 ischemic stroke patients were included. The FTT demonstrated satisfactory internal consistency (Cronbach\u2019s \u03b1\u202f=\u202f0.70\u20130.75), test\u2013retest reliability (ICC 0.88\u20130.99, 95%CI), and inter-rater reliability (Kappa coefficients ranging from 0.83 to 1.00, <jats:italic>p\u202f&amp;lt;<\/jats:italic> 0.001). Exploratory factor analysis extracted one common factor for tool selection and two common factors for action execution. There were mild to moderate correlations between the scores of the FTT scales and the MoCA (<jats:italic>\u03c1<\/jats:italic> ranged from 0.37 to 0.50), indicating satisfactory convergent and divergent validity. The moderate correlations between the scores of the FTT scales and the PTU (<jats:italic>\u03c1<\/jats:italic> ranged from 0.49 to 0.51), indicating satisfactory concurrent validity. The prevalence of limb apraxia in patients with left brain damage when selecting, producing, and executing familiar tools were 14.9, 8.5, and 8.5%, respectively. While, the prevalence of apraxia during similar tasks in those with right brain damage were 3.0, 0, and 0%, respectively.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The FTT was reliable and valid for assessing limb apraxia among Chinese ischemic stroke patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2025.1578179","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,3]],"date-time":"2025-06-03T14:41:07Z","timestamp":1748961667000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Validation of Chinese version of the familiar tools use test for assessing limb apraxia in stroke patients"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Jinni","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingxin","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meilian","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lu","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoyan","family":"Liao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1016\/s1474-4422(21)00252-0","article-title":"Global, regional, and national burden of stroke and its risk factors, 1990-2019: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2019","volume":"20","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1784","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.114.005164","article-title":"Functional status and patient-reported outcome 10 years after stroke: the Lund stroke register","volume":"45","author":"Jonsson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.5005\/jp-journals-10071-23192","article-title":"Acute ischemic stroke: management approach","volume":"23","author":"Chugh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Indian J Crit Care Med"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1212\/wnl.60.3.487","article-title":"Ecological implications of ideomotor apraxia: evidence from physical activities of daily living","volume":"60","author":"Hanna-Pladdy","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1449","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2008.07.014","article-title":"Apraxia and the parietal lobes","volume":"47","author":"Goldenberg","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1269","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-011-6336-y","article-title":"Diagnosis and treatment of upper limb apraxia","volume":"259","author":"Dovern","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.122.037948","article-title":"Limb apraxias: the influence of higher order perceptual and semantic deficits in motor recovery after stroke","volume":"54","author":"Rounis","year":"2023","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2009.02741.x","article-title":"Comprehensive assessment of gesture production: a new test of upper limb apraxia (Tulia)","volume":"17","author":"Vanbellingen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2011-300968","article-title":"Systematic assessment of apraxia and functional predictions from the Birmingham cognitive screen","volume":"83","author":"Bickerton","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2014.00353","article-title":"The tool in the brain: apraxia in ADL. 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