{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,15]],"date-time":"2025-08-15T02:31:45Z","timestamp":1755225105081,"version":"3.43.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,13]],"date-time":"2025-08-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755043200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Neurol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To investigate the characteristics of brain network centrality in patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) by using degree centrality (DC) based on resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We recruited 20 patients with CSM, along with 20 healthy controls (HC) who were matched in terms of age, gender, and educational background. The DC method was utilized to evaluate the changed spontaneous brain activities. The relationships between the DC values of different brain regions and the clinical features were analyzed by means of Pearson correlation analysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Compared with HC, CSM group showed decreased DC values in the left medial frontal gyrus, middle temporal gyrus and angular gyrus, and increased DC values were found in the left middle occipital gyrus, right supplementary motor area (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u202f&amp;lt;\u202f0.05). There was no significant correlation between DC values of abnormal region and clinical function score of CSM patients (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u202f&amp;gt;\u202f0.05).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>CSM patients have abnormal DC distribution in the whole-brain functional networks, which might be related to cortical reorganization after chronic spinal cord injury.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2025.1614935","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,13]],"date-time":"2025-08-13T05:33:41Z","timestamp":1755063221000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Altered brain network centrality in patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy: insights from resting-state fMRI"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Kaifu","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shutong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-013-2915-1","article-title":"Advances in MR imaging for cervical spondylotic myelopathy","volume":"24","author":"Ellingson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.31616\/asj.2022.0440","article-title":"Update of the natural history, pathophysiology, and treatment strategies of degenerative cervical myelopathy: a narrative review","volume":"17","author":"Kim","year":"2023","journal-title":"Asian Spine J"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"876","DOI":"10.1111\/os.13237","article-title":"Clinical efficacy of posterior percutaneous endoscopic unilateral Laminotomy with bilateral decompression for symptomatic cervical Spondylotic myelopathy","volume":"14","author":"Zhao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Orthop Surg"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.12659\/MSM.919270","article-title":"Biomechanical comparison of 1-level corpectomy and 2-level discectomy for cervical spondylotic myelopathy: a finite element analysis","volume":"26","author":"Ouyang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Med Sci Monit"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"942","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2021.1233","article-title":"Effect of ventral vs dorsal spinal surgery on patient-reported physical functioning in patients with cervical Spondylotic myelopathy: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"325","author":"Ghogawala","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.12865\/CHSJ.48.02.13","article-title":"Knee pain following Total knee arthroplasty secondary to cervical Spondylotic myelopathy","volume":"48","author":"Chu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Curr Health Sci J"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1111\/ncn3.12787","article-title":"Association between trigeminal neuralgia and degenerative cervical myelopathy: a cross-sectional study using US data","volume":"12","author":"Trager","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neurol Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.13121885","article-title":"Is diffusion anisotropy a biomarker for disease severity and surgical prognosis of cervical spondylotic myelopathy?","volume":"270","author":"Wen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24636","DOI":"10.1038\/srep24636","article-title":"Voxel-based analysis of grey and white matter degeneration in cervical spondylotic myelopathy","volume":"6","author":"Grabher","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(13)70146-7","article-title":"MRI investigation of the sensorimotor cortex and the corticospinal tract after acute spinal cord injury: a prospective longitudinal study","volume":"12","author":"Freund","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2014.06.056","article-title":"Cortical reorganization after spinal cord injury: always for good?","volume":"283","author":"Moxon","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2318","DOI":"10.1111\/cns.14183","article-title":"Altered functional connectivity of the default mode and frontal control networks in patients with insomnia","volume":"29","author":"Zheng","year":"2023","journal-title":"CNS Neurosci Ther"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1860","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5062-08.2009","article-title":"Cortical hubs revealed by intrinsic functional connectivity: mapping, assessment of stability, and relation to Alzheimer's disease","volume":"29","author":"Buckner","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.1048","article-title":"A method for making group inferences from functional MRI data using independent component analysis","volume":"14","author":"Calhoun","year":"2001","journal-title":"Hum Brain Mapp"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1862","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhr269","article-title":"Network centrality in the human functional connectome","volume":"22","author":"Zuo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cereb Cortex"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1890","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200109010-00014","article-title":"Interobserver and intraobserver reliability of the Japanese Orthopaedic association scoring system for evaluation of cervical compression myelopathy","volume":"26","author":"Yonenobu","year":"2001","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"571532","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.571532","article-title":"Disruption of neural activity and functional connectivity in adolescents with major depressive disorder who engage in non-suicidal self-injury: a resting-state fMRI study","volume":"12","author":"Huang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Psych"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1002184","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2022.1002184","article-title":"Abnormal cerebellar-prefrontal cortical pathways in obstructive sleep apnea with\/without mild cognitive impairment","volume":"16","author":"Shu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"877281","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2022.877281","article-title":"Regional homogeneity in patients with mild cognitive impairment: a resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging study","volume":"14","author":"Wu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Aging Neurosci"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2575","article-title":"Complex brain networks: graph theoretical analysis of structural and functional systems","volume":"10","author":"Bullmore","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plrev.2014.03.005","article-title":"Understanding brain networks and brain organization","volume":"11","author":"Pessoa","year":"2014","journal-title":"Phys Life Rev"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2912","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awr223","article-title":"Altered functional-structural coupling of large-scale brain networks in idiopathic generalized epilepsy","volume":"134","author":"Zhang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhq071","article-title":"The functional architecture of the infant brain as revealed by resting-state fMRI","volume":"21","author":"Fransson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cereb Cortex"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"935","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn.2007.19.6.935","article-title":"Distinct regions of the medial prefrontal cortex are associated with self-referential processing and perspective taking","volume":"19","author":"D'Argembeau","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Cogn Neurosci"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphysparis.2013.05.001","article-title":"Prefrontal cortex and neural mechanisms of executive function","volume":"107","author":"Funahashi","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Physiol Paris"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2005.08.045","article-title":"Neural correlates of spatial working memory in humans: a functional magnetic resonance imaging study comparing visual and tactile processes","volume":"139","author":"Ricciardi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4259","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.071043098","article-title":"Medial prefrontal cortex and self-referential mental activity: relation to a default mode of brain function","volume":"98","author":"Gusnard","year":"2001","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2450","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.042457199","article-title":"Brain activity in ventromedial prefrontal cortex correlates with individual differences in negative affect","volume":"99","author":"Zald","year":"2002","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2009.03.004","article-title":"The functional neuroanatomy of depression: distinct roles for ventromedial and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex","volume":"201","author":"Koenigs","year":"2009","journal-title":"Behav Brain Res"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"885","DOI":"10.1097\/NMD.0b013e3182a5c2a7","article-title":"Motor imagery in bipolar depression with slowed movement","volume":"201","author":"Liberg","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Nerv Ment Dis"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2815","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.26247","article-title":"Functional hierarchy of the angular gyrus and its underlying genetic architecture","volume":"44","author":"Song","year":"2023","journal-title":"Hum Brain Mapp"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2012.12.018","article-title":"Decreased left middle temporal gyrus volume in antipsychotic drug-naive, first-episode schizophrenia patients and their healthy unaffected siblings","volume":"144","author":"Hu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Schizophr Res"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1002\/aur.2239","article-title":"Specific functional connectivity patterns of middle temporal gyrus subregions in children and adults with autism spectrum disorder","volume":"13","author":"Xu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Autism Res"},{"key":"ref34","first-page":"275","article-title":"Cognitive deficits in spinal cord injury: epidemiology and outcome","volume":"73","author":"Davidoff","year":"1992","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.2176\/nmc.50.554","article-title":"Neuropsychological improvement in patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy after posterior decompression surgery","volume":"50","author":"Hoshimaru","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo)"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2013.00290","article-title":"Extensive neurological recovery from a complete spinal cord injury: a case report and hypothesis on the role of cortical plasticity","volume":"7","author":"Choe","year":"2013","journal-title":"Front Hum Neurosci"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E272","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000003245","article-title":"Functional connectivity changes of the visual cortex in the cervical Spondylotic myelopathy patients: a resting-state fMRI study","volume":"45","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1007\/s00234-018-2061-x","article-title":"Visual cortex neural activity alteration in cervical spondylotic myelopathy patients: a resting-state fMRI study","volume":"60","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuroradiology"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2020.00028","article-title":"Changed resting-state brain signal in Parkinson's patients with mild depression","volume":"11","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"856","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2478","article-title":"Functional role of the supplementary and pre-supplementary motor areas","volume":"9","author":"Nachev","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1305","DOI":"10.1227\/NEU.0b013e318241017d","article-title":"Cortical reorganization following neurotization: a diffusion tensor imaging and functional magnetic resonance imaging study","volume":"70","author":"Sokki","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1098","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2019.04.004","article-title":"Brain networks and their relevance for stroke rehabilitation","volume":"130","author":"Guggisberg","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104255","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.104255","article-title":"Evolution of brain functional plasticity associated with increasing symptom severity in degenerative cervical myelopathy","volume":"84","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2371","DOI":"10.2147\/NDT.S209952","article-title":"Abnormal intrinsic functional activity in patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy: a resting-state fMRI study","volume":"15","author":"Kuang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1048","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181d6b0ea","article-title":"Brain reorganization in patients with spinal cord compression evaluated using fMRI","volume":"74","author":"Duggal","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"596795","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2020.596795","article-title":"Neural correlates of cognitive dysfunctions in cervical Spondylotic myelopathy patients: a resting-state fMRI study","volume":"11","author":"Zhao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1421","DOI":"10.1007\/s11357-023-00954-8","article-title":"Beyond the aging spine\u2014a systematic review of functional changes in the human brain in cervical spondylotic myelopathy","volume":"46","author":"Khan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Geroscience"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2941","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awh648","article-title":"Brain motor system function after chronic, complete spinal cord injury","volume":"128","author":"Cramer","year":"2005","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.3171\/spi.2007.6.6.5","article-title":"Cortical reorganization in patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy","volume":"6","author":"Holly","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Spine"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e104442","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0104442","article-title":"Increased low-frequency oscillation amplitude of sensorimotor cortex associated with the severity of structural impairment in cervical myelopathy","volume":"9","author":"Zhou","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"647958","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/647958","article-title":"Alteration of regional homogeneity within the sensorimotor network after spinal cord decompression in cervical Spondylotic myelopathy: a resting-state fMRI study","volume":"2015","author":"Tan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"829714","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2022.829714","article-title":"Dynamic and static amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation is a potential biomarker for predicting prognosis of degenerative cervical myelopathy patients: a preliminary resting-state fMRI study","volume":"13","author":"Fan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Neurol"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Neurology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fneur.2025.1614935\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,13]],"date-time":"2025-08-13T05:33:43Z","timestamp":1755063223000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fneur.2025.1614935\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,13]]},"references-count":52,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fneur.2025.1614935"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fneur.2025.1614935","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-2295"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-2295","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,13]]},"article-number":"1614935"}}