{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T11:21:37Z","timestamp":1790940097247,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,23]],"date-time":"2025-07-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753228800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Neurol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To develop an activity-focused self-report tool to guide selection of treatment targets in cognitive rehabilitation for adults with mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>Military and veteran treatment facilities.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title><jats:p>Twenty-one service members and 32 veterans with a history of mTBI; 25 veterans with orthopedic injury (OI).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Clinical tool development.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Main measures<\/jats:title><jats:p>Common Cognitive Complaints after Concussion (C4) questionnaire.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We reviewed measures used in mTBI research or clinic, to identify items that could be used for selecting activity-level therapy targets as part of a treatment planning tool. To establish face and content validity, an initial item pool was reviewed by five speech-language pathology or occupational therapy mTBI experts who selected items relevant to their clinical practice, gave feedback on item wording, and suggested additional items. The result was a questionnaire with 22 activity-based items and one bias-check item. The C4 was then used in a feasibility mTBI treatment trial to identify treatment targets, and clinicians provided feedback on its utility. The C4 was also administered to an OI group to evaluate the distinctiveness of the items to mTBI symptoms.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The C4 adequately captured activity-level functional impairments common to mTBI, and clinicians endorsed its utility as a useful tool to personalize treatment targets.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2025.1621265","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,23]],"date-time":"2025-07-23T04:14:24Z","timestamp":1753244064000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Development of the Common Cognitive Complaints after Concussion (C4) questionnaire: a treatment-planning tool for military service members and veterans with mild traumatic brain injury"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Mollie Ann","family":"McDonald","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa H.","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Glenn","family":"Curtiss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Douglas B.","family":"Cooper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amy O.","family":"Bowles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melissa R.","family":"Ray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. Marina","family":"LeBlanc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Blessen C.","family":"Eapen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Shura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lyn","family":"Turkstra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1136\/injuryprev-2017-042371","article-title":"Lifetime prevalence of traumatic brain injury with loss of consciousness","volume":"24","author":"Corrigan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Inj Prev"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1097\/HTR.0000000000000756","article-title":"Concussion evaluation patterns among US adults","volume":"37","author":"Womack","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Head Trauma Rehabil"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1045","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2022.0185","article-title":"Post-concussion symptoms and disability in adults with mild traumatic brain injury: A systematic review and Meta-analysis","volume":"40","author":"Cancelliere","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1017\/BrImp.2022.28","article-title":"Examining the interdisciplinary approach for treatment of persistent post-concussion symptoms in adults: A systematic review","volume":"24","author":"Jennings","year":"2023","journal-title":"Brain Impairment"},{"key":"ref5","volume-title":"Cognitive rehabilitation therapy for traumatic brain injury: evaluating the evidence","author":"Koehler","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1097\/HTR.0000000000000838","article-title":"INCOG 2.0 guidelines for cognitive rehabilitation following traumatic brain injury: methods, overview, and principles","volume":"38","author":"Bayley","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Head Trauma Rehabil"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1097\/00001199-199510030-00002","article-title":"Persistent postconcussion syndrome: the structure of subjective complaints after mild traumatic brain injury","volume":"10","author":"Cicerone","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Head Trauma Rehabil"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00868811","article-title":"The rivermead post concussion symptoms questionnaire: a measure of symptoms commonly experienced after head injury and its reliability","volume":"242","author":"King","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2044-8260.1982.tb01421.x","article-title":"The cognitive failures questionnaire (CFQ) and its correlates","volume":"21","author":"Broadbent","year":"1982","journal-title":"Br J Clin Psychol"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1179","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2010.04.011","article-title":"The patient-reported outcomes measurement information system (PROMIS) developed and tested its first wave of adult self-reported health outcome item banks: 2005\u20132008","volume":"63","author":"Cella","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1133","DOI":"10.1002\/pon.3522","article-title":"Self-reported cognitive concerns and abilities: two sides of one coin?","volume":"23","author":"Lai","year":"2014","journal-title":"Psycho-Oncology"},{"key":"ref12","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref13","volume-title":"Behavior rating inventory of executive function\u00ae-Adult version","author":"Roth","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1080\/09638280701223876","article-title":"The everyday memory questionnaire \u2013 revised: development of a 13-item scale","volume":"30","author":"Royle","year":"2008","journal-title":"Disabil Rehabil"},{"key":"ref15","volume-title":"Attention process training APT-3: a direct attention training program for persons with acquired brain injury","author":"Sohlberg","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref16","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref17","volume-title":"Wide range achievement Test 4 (WRAT4)","author":"Wilkinson","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref18","volume-title":"Test of Memory Malingering (TOMM)","author":"Tombaugh","year":"1996"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1080\/13803395.2015.1064864","article-title":"Clinical utility of the neurobehavioral symptom inventory validity scales to screen for symptom exaggeration following traumatic brain injury","volume":"37","author":"Lange","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Clin Exp Neuropsychol"},{"key":"ref20","volume-title":"Minnesota multiphasic personality inventory-3 (MMPI-3): manual for administration, scoring, and interpretation","author":"Ben-Porath","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref21","first-page":"138","article-title":"Goal attainment scaling and outcome measurement in postacute brain injury rehabilitation","volume":"72","author":"Malec","year":"1991","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4324\/9781410604491","volume-title":"Applied multivariate statistics for the social sciences","author":"Stevens","year":"2001"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.4103\/idoj.IDOJ_674_20","article-title":"Practical guidelines to develop and evaluate a questionnaire","volume":"12","author":"Kishore","year":"2021","journal-title":"Indian Dermatol Online J"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psc.2013.11.004","article-title":"Cognitive sequelae of traumatic brain injury","volume":"37","author":"Rabinowitz","year":"2014","journal-title":"Psychiatr Clin North Am"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1044\/2024_AJSLP-24-00306","article-title":"Development and pilot implementation of a theory-based cognitive rehabilitation protocol for adults with chronic cognitive complaints after mild traumatic brain injury","author":"Turkstra","year":"2025","journal-title":"Am J Speech Lang Pathol"},{"key":"ref26","author":"Sohlberg","year":"2011","journal-title":"Optimizing cognitive rehabilitation: Effective instructional methods"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Neurology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fneur.2025.1621265\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,23]],"date-time":"2025-07-23T04:14:27Z","timestamp":1753244067000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fneur.2025.1621265\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,23]]},"references-count":26,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fneur.2025.1621265"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fneur.2025.1621265","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-2295"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-2295","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,23]]},"article-number":"1621265"}}