{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T08:40:15Z","timestamp":1791362415161,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,24]],"date-time":"2025-11-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763942400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Neurol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Neck pain (NP) has emerged as a significant health concern among children and adolescents, with potential lifelong consequences. This study aimed to comprehensively assess the global, regional, and national burden of NP among this population using data from the 2021 study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Publicly available modeled data and methods from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study 2021 were used to systematically analyze and evaluate the global burden of NP among children and adolescents. Primary outcomes were NP related age-standardized prevalence, incidence, years lived with disability (YLDs), and average annual percentage change (AAPC).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Between 1990 and 2021, the global prevalence of NP among children and adolescents increased from 8.49 million to 10.32 million cases, though age-standardized rates remained relatively stable (AAPC 0.01%). The global incidence of NP among children and adolescents increased from 3.17 million cases in 1990 to 3.82 million in 2021, while the age-standardized incidence rate showed a minimal decrease (AAPC \u22120.02%). The burden of NP in terms of YLDs increased from 0.89 million in 1990 to 1.08 million in 2021, although the age-standardized YLD rate remained stable (AAPC 0%). A pronounced age gradient was observed, with rates in 2021 peaking in the 15\u201319\u202fyears group (1,012.03 per 100,000) compared to the 5\u20139\u202fyears group (97.44 per 100,000), though the youngest group showed the largest relative increases over time (AAPC 0.10%). Females consistently exhibited 33.1% higher prevalence than males. High sociodemographic index (SDI) regions demonstrated the highest prevalence rates, with Western Europe (984.25 per 100,000), High-income North America (827.69), and Central Europe (751.30) leading, though low SDI regions showed more rapid increases. At the national level, Italy, Norway, and Denmark had the highest rates, while Middle Eastern countries experienced the most rapid increases.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Despite stable global age-standardized rates, the increasing absolute burden of NP among children and adolescents remains concerning. This study provides strong evidence that there are diverse changing patterns of NP burden across different sex, age, and SDI groups within children and adolescents.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2025.1625954","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,24]],"date-time":"2025-11-24T11:52:33Z","timestamp":1763985153000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Global, regional and national burden of neck pain in children and adolescents: GBD 2021 systematic analysis"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Chao","family":"Sun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hao","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhiqiang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinyue","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiaming","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuan","family":"Xue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1590\/bjpt-rbf.2014.0149","article-title":"Musculoskeletal pain in children and adolescents","volume":"20","author":"Kamper","year":"2016","journal-title":"Braz J Phys Ther"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000199958.04073.d9","article-title":"The course of low back pain from adolescence to adulthood: eight-year follow-up of 9600 twins","volume":"31","author":"Hestbaek","year":"2006","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2167","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-024-05704-3","article-title":"Global burden of musculoskeletal disorders in children and adolescents from 1990 to 2021: a joint point regression and decomposition analysis","volume":"44","author":"Zhao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Rheumatol Int"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2474-12-98","article-title":"Prevalence and tracking of back pain from childhood to adolescence","volume":"12","author":"Kjaer","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-12-100","article-title":"Low back pain in 17 year olds has substantial impact and represents an important public health disorder: a cross-sectional study","volume":"12","author":"O'Sullivan","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2004-2766","article-title":"Neck\/shoulder, low back, and arm pain in relation to computer use, physical activity, stress, and depression among Dutch adolescents","volume":"117","author":"Diepenmaat","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-6712.2010.00785.x","article-title":"Pain in children and adolescents: prevalence, impact on daily life, and parents' perception, a school survey","volume":"25","author":"Haraldstad","year":"2011","journal-title":"Scand J Caring Sci"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"680","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2004.056820","article-title":"Children with unexplained chronic pain: substantial impairment in everyday life","volume":"90","author":"Konijnenberg","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmpt.2009.08.024","article-title":"A description of children and adolescents in Danish chiropractic practice: results from a nationwide survey","volume":"32","author":"Hestbaek","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Manip Physiol Ther"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1002\/ejp.1306","article-title":"Prevalence of self-reported chronic pain among adolescents: evidence from 42 countries and regions","volume":"23","author":"Gobina","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur J Pain"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpain.2003.08.001","article-title":"Do pain problems in young school children persist into early adulthood? 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