{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]],"date-time":"2026-04-02T16:32:49Z","timestamp":1775147569928,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,20]],"date-time":"2025-08-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755648000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Neurol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To analyze the clinical value of single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)\/computed tomography (CT), ambulatory electroencephalogram (AEEG) and three-dimensional pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling (3D-pCASL) in people with epilepsy (PWE).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study included 98 PWE who were treated in The General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University from December 2021 to September 2023. The positive detection rates and characteristics of SPECT\/CT, AEEG and 3D-pCASL were compared. Additionally, the agreement between SPECT\/CT, 3D-pCASL and AEEG-positive results was analyzed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The positive detection rates for SPECT\/CT, AEEG, and 3D-pCASL examinations were 77.55% (76\/98), 62.24% (61\/98), and 54.08% (53\/98) respectively. SPECT\/CT exhibited higher positive detection rates than AEEG (aOR\u202f=\u202f1.165, 95%CI: 1.036\u20131.311, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> =\u202f0.011) and 3D-pCASL (aOR\u202f=\u202f1.265, 95%CI: 1.119\u20131.430, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt;\u202f0.001), no significant difference was observed between AEEG and 3D-pCASL (aOR\u202f=\u202f0.922, 95%CI: 0.810\u20131.048, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> =\u202f0.213). In combined modalities, the positive detection rate of AEEG+SPECT\/CT\u202f+\u202f3D-pCASL (93.88%, 92\/98) was higher than AEEG+3D-pCASL (79.59%, 78\/98, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u202f=\u202f0.003), but showed no statistically significant difference compared to AEEG+SPECT\/CT (88.78%, 87\/98, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u202f=\u202f0.204). The proportions of PWE with no lesions, focal lesions, unilateral multifocal lesions and bilateral lesions across the three modalities results revealed statistically significant differences (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u202f&amp;lt;\u202f0.05). Among 61 PWE with interictal epileptiform discharges (IEDs) detected by AEEG, the agreement rate between SPECT\/CT and AEEG was 63.93% (39\/61), while that of 3D-pCASL was 39.34%(24\/61), the difference is statistically significant (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u202f=\u202f0.007). In PWE with AEEG-detected temporal lobe (43 cases) and frontal lobe (31 cases) IEDs, SPECT\/CT exhibited higher agreement rate with AEEG compared to 3D-pCASL (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u202f&amp;lt;\u202f0.05).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>SPECT\/CT demonstrated a high positive detection rate and showed strong agreement with AEEG-positive results in PWE. The combined use of SPECT\/CT, AEEG and 3D-pCASL significantly increased the positive detection rate. These findings highlight the advantages of SPECT\/CT and combined modalities.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2025.1633993","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,20]],"date-time":"2025-08-20T04:14:13Z","timestamp":1755663253000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Comparison of SPECT\/CT, AEEG, and 3D-pCASL in people with epilepsy"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Rong","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qing","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yajun","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jingyun","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yanzi","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qiuyan","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mengyun","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108384","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2023.108384","article-title":"Pharmacologically 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