{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,12]],"date-time":"2025-11-12T05:22:57Z","timestamp":1762924977490,"version":"3.45.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,12]],"date-time":"2025-11-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762905600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Neurol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To explore the clinical effect of non-convulsive electroconvulsive therapy combined with olanzapine in schizophrenia patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>From September 2021 to August 2023, a total of 112 patients with schizophrenia treated in our hospital were selected as the study participants. These patients were randomly divided into a control group and a research group, with 56 cases in each group. Patients in the control group were administered olanzapine tablets. Based on olanzapine tablets, patients in the research group received non-convulsive electroconvulsive therapy. The psychotic symptoms, severity of schizophrenia symptoms, memory ability, cognitive function, serum BDNF, S100B, and GFAP levels, and incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups were compared.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Compared to the control group, the research group had lower BPRS score, lower PANSS score, higher WMS-IV score, higher BACS score, higher serum BDNF level, lower serum S100B and GFAP levels (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f&amp;lt;\u202f0.05). However, there was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f&amp;gt;\u202f0.05).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Non-convulsive electroconvulsive therapy combined with olanzapine has a significant effect in the treatment of schizophrenia. It can effectively improve mental symptoms and cognitive function of patients, regulate the levels of serum BDNF and S100B, and has high safety.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2025.1641908","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,12]],"date-time":"2025-11-12T05:19:34Z","timestamp":1762924774000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Clinical effect of non-convulsive electroconvulsive therapy combined with olanzapine in patients with schizophrenia"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Kecai","family":"Tao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qian","family":"Xiong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jinghua","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2022.05.005","article-title":"Schizophrenia: one name, many different manifestations","volume":"107","author":"Faden","year":"2023","journal-title":"Med Clin North Am"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-pharmtox-051921-093250","article-title":"Cognitive impairment associated with schizophrenia: from pathophysiology to treatment","volume":"63","author":"Javitt","year":"2023","journal-title":"Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)01730-X","article-title":"Schizophrenia","volume":"399","author":"Jauhar","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1111\/imj.16068","article-title":"Approach to schizophrenia","volume":"53","author":"Harris","year":"2023","journal-title":"Intern Med J"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1007\/s40263-022-00923-3","article-title":"Olanzapine\/Samidorphan: a new combination treatment for schizophrenia and bipolar I disorder intended to reduce weight gain","volume":"36","author":"Corrao","year":"2022","journal-title":"CNS Drugs"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e247919","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2024.7919","article-title":"Magnetic seizure therapy vs modified electroconvulsive therapy in patients with bipolar mania: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"7","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1111\/acps.13492","article-title":"A systematic review of modified electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) to treat delirium","volume":"147","author":"Lupke","year":"2023","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr Scand"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1619098","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2025.1619098","article-title":"Modified electroconvulsive therapy for perinatal depression: scoping review","volume":"16","author":"Bobo","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Psych"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114659","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2022.114659","article-title":"Utility and validity of the brief psychiatric rating scale (BPRS) as a transdiagnostic scale","volume":"314","author":"Hofmann","year":"2022","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2025.103155","article-title":"COSMIN systematic review and meta-analysis of the measurement properties of the positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS)","volume":"82","author":"Geck","year":"2025","journal-title":"EClinMed"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1080\/23279095.2023.2164858","article-title":"Wechsler memory scale-fourth edition (WMS-IV) in the neuropsychological evaluation of patients diagnosed with probable Alzheimer's disease","volume":"32","author":"Ryan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Appl Neuropsychol Adult"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100364","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scog.2025.100364","article-title":"Assessment of the German version of brief assessment of cognition in schizophrenia (BACS)","volume":"41","author":"Mortazavi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Schizophr Res Cogn"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-024-01500-9","article-title":"Multimorbidity and the etiology of schizophrenia","volume":"26","author":"Szoke","year":"2024","journal-title":"Curr Psychiatry Rep"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psc.2020.02.010","article-title":"Neurodevelopmental factors in schizophrenia","volume":"43","author":"Jaaro-Peled","year":"2020","journal-title":"Psychiatr Clin North Am"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"884","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(22)00304-2","article-title":"The response of subgroups of patients with schizophrenia to different antipsychotic drugs: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"9","author":"Leucht","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1168","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2020.19121279","article-title":"Effects of olanzapine combined with Samidorphan on weight gain in schizophrenia: a 24-week phase 3 study","volume":"177","author":"Correll","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.9758\/cpn.2022.20.4.592","article-title":"Efficacy of olanzapine in anxiety dimension of schizophrenia: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials","volume":"20","author":"Crapanzano","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Psychopharmacol Neurosci"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.2217\/pgs-2021-0051","article-title":"The pharmacogenetics of treatment with olanzapine","volume":"22","author":"Zubiaur","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pharmacogenomics"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1393","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2021.08.021","article-title":"Neuromodulatory treatments for psychiatric disease: a comprehensive survey of the clinical trial landscape","volume":"14","author":"Elias","year":"2021","journal-title":"Brain Stimul"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janh.2021.03.001","article-title":"The historical struggles of modified electroconvulsive therapy: how anesthesia came to the rescue","volume":"7","author":"Lava-Parmele","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Anesth Hist"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm13030449","article-title":"Comparison of efficacy and safety of magnetic seizure therapy and electroconvulsive therapy for depression","volume":"13","author":"Cai","year":"2023","journal-title":"A Systematic Review J Pers Med"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.5152\/alphapsychiatry.2024.231473","article-title":"Efficacy of modified electroconvulsive therapy in treatment-resistant schizophrenia","volume":"25","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Alpha Psychiatr"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e22","DOI":"10.1017\/neu.2023.48","article-title":"Blood-brain barrier permeability and electroconvulsive therapy: a systematic review","volume":"37","author":"Lundsgaard","year":"2023","journal-title":"Acta Neuropsychiatr"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"904005","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2022.904005","article-title":"Effects of modified electroconvulsive therapy on serum cortisol, Nesfatin-1, and pro-inflammatory cytokine levels in elderly patients with treatment-resistant depression","volume":"13","author":"Dai","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1620\/tjem.2023.J103","article-title":"Comparative efficacy of augmenting escitalopram with modified electroconvulsive therapy or high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on depressive symptoms, quality of life, and cognitive function in treatment-resistant depression","volume":"262","author":"Yin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Tohoku J Exp Med"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1059","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.81067","article-title":"Hyperactive neuronal autophagy depletes BDNF and impairs adult hippocampal neurogenesis in a corticosterone-induced mouse model of depression","volume":"13","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101738","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2022.101738","article-title":"Peripheral brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in insomnia: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"67","author":"Ballesio","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sleep Med Rev"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133870","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2018.10.015","article-title":"BDNF as a pharmacogenetic target for antipsychotic treatment of schizophrenia","volume":"726","author":"Han","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114857","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2022.114857","article-title":"Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) as a biomarker of treatment response in patients with treatment resistant depression (TRD): a systematic review & meta-analysis","volume":"317","author":"Meshkat","year":"2022","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.2174\/1570159X18666200729100427","article-title":"Targeting S100B protein as a surrogate biomarker and its role in various neurological disorders","volume":"19","author":"Langeh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr Neuropharmacol"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1080\/15622975.2021.2013042","article-title":"Correlation between S100B and severity of depression in MDD: a meta-analysis","volume":"23","author":"Tural","year":"2022","journal-title":"World J Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108624","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2022.108624","article-title":"Serum glial fibrillary acidic protein is a body fluid biomarker: a valuable prognostic for neurological disease - a systematic review","volume":"107","author":"Heimfarth","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int Immunopharmacol"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1309","DOI":"10.3390\/cells12091309","article-title":"GFAP as a potential biomarker for Alzheimer's disease: a systematic review and Meta-analysis","volume":"12","author":"Kim","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110927","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2024.110927","article-title":"Serum S100B protein and white matter changes in schizophrenia before and after medication","volume":"210","author":"Shi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Brain Res Bull"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2024.10.007","article-title":"Longitudinal analysis of astrocyte-derived protein levels in the blood of drug-naive and relapsed patients with schizophrenia","volume":"180","author":"Mukherjee","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms252011204","article-title":"Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) as a predictor of treatment response in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder: a systematic review","volume":"25","author":"Liberona","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-023-04718-8","article-title":"Study on correlations of BDNF, PI3K, AKT and CREB levels with depressive emotion and impulsive behaviors in drug-na\u00efve patients with first-episode schizophrenia","volume":"23","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00429","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2017.e00429","article-title":"Combined use of electroconvulsive therapy and antipsychotics (both clozapine and non-clozapine) in treatment resistant schizophrenia: a comparative meta-analysis","volume":"3","author":"Ahmed","year":"2017","journal-title":"Heliyon"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Neurology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fneur.2025.1641908\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,12]],"date-time":"2025-11-12T05:19:34Z","timestamp":1762924774000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fneur.2025.1641908\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,12]]},"references-count":38,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fneur.2025.1641908"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fneur.2025.1641908","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-2295"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-2295","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,12]]},"article-number":"1641908"}}