{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T19:46:56Z","timestamp":1791229616872,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,6]],"date-time":"2025-11-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762387200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Neurol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) can lead to respiratory dysfunction and pulmonary infection (PI).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The present study aimed to investigate in-hospital factors influencing PIs in patients with spontaneous ICH and their prognosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Clinical data of patients with spontaneous ICH were retrospectively collected from January 2021 to December 2022 to assess nosocomial consolidation of PIs, with follow-up evaluations for up to 1\u202fyear. The clinical factors influencing the development of PI were analyzed and their impact on prognosis was determined in patients with or without PI development.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 864 patients with ICH were included in this study, of whom 568 (65.7%) had PIs. Independent factors influencing PIs included age, National Institute of Health Stroke Scale score at the time of admission, activities of daily living scale score at the time of admission, and C-reactive protein level (all\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f&amp;lt;\u202f0.05). The adverse prognosis (70.8% vs. 39.5, 52.0% vs. 28.5, and 51.6% vs. 27.1%, respectively) and mortality rates (10.7% vs. 4.1, 6.5% vs. 1.8, and 10.3% vs. 3.2%, respectively) at the time of hospital discharge, 90\u202fdays after ICH onset, and 1\u202fyear after ICH onset were significantly higher in patients who developed PIs than in those who did not (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f&amp;lt;\u202f0.05).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Pulmonary infection is a common complication of spontaneous ICH and may be influenced by patient age, length of hospital stay, and hospital admission status. Patients with spontaneous ICH and PI had worse prognoses and mortality rates than those without PI. Further clinical trial is necessary.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2025.1644910","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,6]],"date-time":"2025-11-06T14:16:23Z","timestamp":1762438583000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Influencing factors and prognosis in patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage combined with pulmonary infection running head: pulmonary infection in ICH patients"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Yan","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chuyue","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cuiping","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17151","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-22090-7","article-title":"Risk 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