{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T01:31:06Z","timestamp":1789695066326,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759881600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Neurol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) commonly causes cerebral vasospasm and delayed ischemia. Spasm of the posterior communicating artery (PCoA) can disrupt cerebral hemodynamics. We assessed its effect on cerebral pulsatility in a rabbit SAH model, focusing on intracranial pressure pulse amplitude as an early, sensitive marker of vasospasm-driven change, whereas global CBF or neurological outcomes generally require larger or longer studies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Rabbits were randomly assigned to three groups: control (no injection), sham-controlled (saline injection), and SAH (0.75\u202fmL autologous blood injection into the basal subarachnoid space near the PCoA under anesthesia). Heart rate and cerebral pulsation amplitude (measured via intracranial pressure transducer) were recorded on day 1 and day 7. On day 7, animals were euthanized, and histological analysis of the PCoA was performed. Vasospasm index (VSI) was calculated as the ratio of arterial wall area to lumen area. Group comparisons and temporal changes were assessed statistically.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Twenty-three rabbits completed the study (five control, five sham-controlled, 13 SAH, two SAH animals excluded due to early mortality). On day 1, the SAH group showed a significantly reduced pulsation amplitude compared to controls and sham-controlled groups. By day 7, pulsation amplitude partially recovered in the SAH group but remained lower than in controls. Control and sham-controlled groups exhibited a slight, non-significant decline in pulsation. The VSI was highest in the SAH group, moderate in sham-controlled, and lowest in the control groups. Heart rate declined over time across all groups, with significant bradycardia in the SAH group by day 7.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>PCoA vasospasm following experimental SAH results in a sustained reduction in cerebral pulsatility. These findings suggest that localized vasospasm disrupts pulsatile intracranial dynamics, potentially contributing to SAH-related pathophysiology.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2025.1649577","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T04:17:49Z","timestamp":1759897069000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Posterior communicating artery vasospasm impairs cerebral pulsatility in an experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage model"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"\u0130skender Samet","family":"Daltaban","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mehmet Selim","family":"Gel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ayhan","family":"Kanat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mehmet Dumlu","family":"Ayd\u0131n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Song\u00fcl","family":"Tur\u011fut","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1016\/j.emc.2017.07.001","article-title":"Subarachnoid hemorrhage: updates in diagnosis and management","volume":"35","author":"Long","year":"2017","journal-title":"Emerg Med Clin North Am"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)60153-6","article-title":"Subarachnoid haemorrhage","volume":"369","author":"van Gijn","year":"2007","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1711","DOI":"10.1161\/STR.0b013e3182587839","article-title":"Guidelines for the management of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: a statement for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association\/American Stroke Association","volume":"43","author":"Connolly","year":"2012","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.16.4.562","article-title":"Cerebral vasospasm following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage","volume":"16","author":"Kassell","year":"1985","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01405268","article-title":"Cerebral vasospasm diagnosis by means of angiography and blood velocity measurements","volume":"100","author":"Lindegaard","year":"1988","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1195","DOI":"10.1227\/NEU.0b013e3182417dca","article-title":"Low pulsatility index on transcranial Doppler predicts symptomatic large-vessel vasospasm after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage","volume":"70","author":"Rajajee","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.5137\/1019-5149.JTN.22979-18.3","article-title":"Understanding of dry eye in subarachnoid hemorrhage: an experimental study on the role of facial nerve ischemia","volume":"29","author":"Tanriverdi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Turk Neurosurg"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.5137\/1019-5149.JTN.16867-16.3","article-title":"Uncovering the forgotten effect of superior cervical ganglia on pupil diameter in subarachnoid hemorrhage: an experimental study","volume":"28","author":"Onen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Turk Neurosurg"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1186\/s12938-015-0105-6","article-title":"The role of the circle of Willis in internal carotid artery stenosis and anatomical variations: a computational study based on a patient-specific three-dimensional model","volume":"14","author":"Zhu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biomed Eng Online"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.15441\/ceem.14.002","article-title":"Third cranial nerve palsy and posterior communicating artery aneurysm","volume":"1","author":"Kim","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Exp Emerg Med"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-444-63521-1.00034-0","article-title":"Autonomic dysfunction syndromes after acute brain injury","volume":"128","author":"Takahashi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Handb Clin Neurol"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.7461\/jcen.2021.E2021.05.001","article-title":"Transcranial Doppler study in acute spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage: the role of pulsatility index","volume":"23","author":"Park","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Cerebrovasc Endovasc Neurosurg"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surneu.2003.12.007","article-title":"Transcranial Doppler sonography pulsatility index (PI) reflects intracranial pressure (ICP)","volume":"62","author":"Bellner","year":"2004","journal-title":"Surg Neurol"},{"key":"ref14","article-title":"Subarachnoid hemorrhage, vasospasm, and delayed cerebral ischemia","volume-title":"Pract Neurol","author":"Psychogios","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1007\/s12028-016-0258-6","article-title":"Non-invasive monitoring of intracranial pressure using transcranial Doppler ultrasonography: is it possible?","volume":"25","author":"Cardim","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurocrit Care"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1590\/0004-282X-ANP-2020-0591","article-title":"Evaluation of cerebral hemodynamics by transcranial Doppler ultrasonography and its correlation with intracranial pressure in an animal model of intracranial hypertension","volume":"80","author":"Soares","year":"2022","journal-title":"Arq Neuropsiquiatr"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e114946","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0114946","article-title":"Evaluation of a murine single-blood-injection SAH model","volume":"9","author":"Kamp","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.5455\/medscience.2021.03.077","article-title":"Taste buds degeneration induced by lingual artery spasm in subarachnoid hemorrhage in rabbits","volume":"10","author":"\u00d6zturk","year":"2021","journal-title":"Med Sci"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1186\/2040-7378-4-23","article-title":"A modified double injection model of cisterna magna for the study of delayed cerebral vasospasm following subarachnoid hemorrhage in rats","volume":"4","author":"Raslan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Exp Transl Stroke Med"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1013437","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2022.1013437","article-title":"Exploration of cerebral vasospasm from the perspective of microparticles","volume":"16","author":"Gao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2016.09.096","article-title":"Predictors of delayed cerebral ischemia in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage with asymptomatic angiographic vasospasm on admission","volume":"97","author":"Aldakkan","year":"2017","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1159\/000496616","article-title":"The effects of cerebral vasospasm on cerebral blood flow and the effects of induced hypertension: a mathematical modelling study","volume":"8","author":"Bhogal","year":"2020","journal-title":"Interv Neurol"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1007\/s12028-022-01477-4","article-title":"Waveform morphology as a surrogate for ICP monitoring: a comparison between an invasive and a noninvasive method","volume":"37","author":"de Moraes","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neurocrit Care"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.4103\/0972-2327.144277","article-title":"Transcranial Doppler and hematoma expansion in acute spontaneous primary intracerebral hemorrhage","volume":"22","author":"Kesav","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann Indian Acad Neurol"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"978","DOI":"10.3171\/2007.3.16738","article-title":"Equal contribution of increased intracranial pressure and subarachnoid blood to cerebral blood flow reduction and receptor upregulation after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Laboratory investigation","volume":"111","author":"Ansar","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1186\/s40885-023-00258-1","article-title":"Arterial stiffness and hypertension","volume":"29","author":"Kim","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin Hypertens"},{"key":"ref27","first-page":"123","article-title":"Posterior Kom\u00fcnikan Arter Anevrizmas\u0131n\u0131n Kliplenmesi","volume":"15","author":"Y\u0131lmaz","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Stud"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.4103\/2152-7806.77600","article-title":"Hypercholesterolemia increases vasospasm resulting from basilar artery subarachnoid hemorrhage in rabbits which is attenuated by vitamin E","volume":"2","author":"Sasani","year":"2011","journal-title":"Surg Neurol Int"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"384342","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/384342","article-title":"Inflammation, vasospasm, and brain injury after subarachnoid hemorrhage","volume":"2014","author":"Miller","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"972417","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/972417","article-title":"Nitric oxide in cerebral vasospasm: theories, measurement, and treatment","volume":"2013","author":"Siuta","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurol Res Int"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2892","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000002892","article-title":"Correlation between the integrity of the circle of Willis and the severity of initial noncardiac cerebral infarction and clinical prognosis","volume":"95","author":"Zhou","year":"2016","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"688362","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2021.688362","article-title":"Cerebral autoregulation in subarachnoid hemorrhage","volume":"12","author":"Lidington","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"957","DOI":"10.3340\/JKNS.2020.0356","article-title":"Changes in blood pressure and heart rate during decompressive craniectomy","volume":"64","author":"Jo","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Korean Neurosurg Soc"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.3390\/PATHOPHYSIOLOGY30030032","article-title":"Pathophysiology, management, and therapeutics in subarachnoid hemorrhage and delayed cerebral ischemia: an overview","volume":"30","author":"Sanicola","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pathophysiology"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E8","DOI":"10.3171\/2019.8.FOCUS19517","article-title":"Autonomic dysfunction following traumatic brain injury: translational insights","volume":"47","author":"Khalid","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurosurg Focus"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e14544","DOI":"10.1111\/cns.14544","article-title":"Autonomic dysfunction and treatment strategies in intracerebral hemorrhage","volume":"30","author":"Kang","year":"2024","journal-title":"CNS Neurosci Ther"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e59811","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.59811","article-title":"Evaluating changes in pulsatile flow with endovascular stents in an in vitro blood vessel model: potential implications for the future management of neurovascular compression syndromes","volume":"16","author":"Siddiqi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"982498","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2022.982498","article-title":"Clinical effectiveness of nimodipine for the prevention of poor outcome after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"13","author":"Hao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-04615-6_28","article-title":"Intra-arterial Administration of Verapamil for the prevention and treatment of cerebral Angiospasm","volume":"127","author":"Mikeladze","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir Suppl"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"739506","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2021.739506","article-title":"Inflammation and oxidative stress: potential targets for improving prognosis after subarachnoid hemorrhage","volume":"15","author":"Wu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Cell Neurosci"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107273","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2022.107273","article-title":"Delayed cerebral ischemia: a look at the role of endothelial dysfunction, emerging endovascular management, and glymphatic clearance","volume":"218","author":"Motwani","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Neurol Neurosurg"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1020","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2020.01020","article-title":"Anterior communicating artery aneurysms: anatomical considerations and microsurgical strategies","volume":"11","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.7461\/jcen.2023.E2022.11.005","article-title":"The impact of collateral status on cerebral vasospasm and delayed cerebral ischemia in subarachnoid hemorrhage","volume":"25","author":"Topcu","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Cerebrovasc Endovasc Neurosurg"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"687591","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2021.687591","article-title":"A systematic review and meta-analysis examining whether changing ovarian sex steroid hormone levels influence cerebrovascular function","volume":"12","author":"Skinner","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-1716.2011.02323.x","article-title":"Local oestrogenic\/androgenic balance in the cerebral vasculature","volume":"203","author":"Krause","year":"2011","journal-title":"Acta Physiol"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1627","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2013.09.024","article-title":"Estrogen, vascular estrogen receptor and hormone therapy in postmenopausal vascular disease","volume":"86","author":"Khalil","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biochem Pharmacol"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1080\/17446651.2024.2347275","article-title":"Hormonal influences on cerebral aneurysms: unraveling the complex connections","volume":"19","author":"Segherlou","year":"2024","journal-title":"Expert Rev Endocrinol Metab"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Neurology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fneur.2025.1649577\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T04:17:50Z","timestamp":1759897070000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fneur.2025.1649577\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]]},"references-count":47,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fneur.2025.1649577"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fneur.2025.1649577","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-2295"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-2295","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]]},"article-number":"1649577"}}