{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,30]],"date-time":"2025-09-30T00:02:37Z","timestamp":1759190557941,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,29]],"date-time":"2025-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759104000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Neurol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Visual snow syndrome (VSS) is a condition in which people experience a continuous overlay of small dots atop their entire visual field. As a newly recognized condition, there is a gap in patient reported outcome measures (PROMs) that target VSS symptom impact.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We sought to assess the Colorado Visual Snow Survey 2.0 (CVSS) as a possible PROM for VSS using a convenience sample of undergraduate students and people with VSS recruited through the Visual Snow Initiative (N = 144).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We found the CVSS (1) strongly differentiated people with VSS from healthy controls, (2) demonstrated high internal consistency, and (3) aside from visual static, the degree of night vision impairment, blue field entoptic phenomenon, and afterimages, and tinnitus (in that order) best predicted group membership. We also find evidence to suggest people with VSS may be more sensitive to entoptic phenomenon and depersonalization\/derealization than control participants.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Overall, CVSS is a promising PROM that warrants further validation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2025.1664310","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,29]],"date-time":"2025-09-29T04:12:25Z","timestamp":1759119145000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Assessment of a novel patient reported outcome measure for visual snow syndrome: the Colorado visual snow survey 2.0"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Samuel M.","family":"Maione","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Victoria S.","family":"Pelak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Gerhardstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1419","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awu050","article-title":"\u2018Visual snow\u2019\u2013a disorder distinct from persistent migraine aura","volume":"137","author":"Schankin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1792","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000010530","article-title":"Occipital cortex and cerebellum gray matter changes in visual snow syndrome","volume":"95","author":"Puledda","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"724081","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2021.724081","article-title":"A study protocol 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pathophysiology","volume":"18","author":"Metzler","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.3980\/j.issn.2222-3959.2013.03.27","article-title":"Prevalence of vitreous floaters in a community sample of smartphone users","volume":"6","author":"Webb","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s11940-017-0448-3","article-title":"Visual snow: a potential cortical hyperexcitability syndrome","volume":"19","author":"Bou Ghannam","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr Treat Options Neurol"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1436","DOI":"10.1111\/head.12628","article-title":"Visual snow in migraine with aura: further characterization by brain imaging, electrophysiology, and treatment\u2013 case 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study","volume":"40","author":"Eren","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cephalalgia"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(18)30085-1","article-title":"International classification of headache disorders","volume":"17","author":"Olesen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2631","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.14914","article-title":"Migraine prevalence in visual snow with prior illicit drug use (hallucinogen persisting perception disorder) versus without","volume":"28","author":"van Dongen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in 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